ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ

ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ
ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ
برج خليفة
	ᱨᱮᱫ:Burj Khalifa.jpg The Burj Khalifa in October 2012
Former names	ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱫᱩᱵᱟᱭ
Record height
	Tallest in the world since 2008
Preceded by	Taipei 101
General information
Status	Complete
Type	Mixed-use
Architectural style	Neo-futurism
Location	1 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Boulevard, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Coordinates	25°11′49.7″N 55°16′26.8″E / 25.197139°N 55.274111°ECoordinates: 25°11′49.7″N 55°16′26.8″E / 25.197139°N 55.274111°E
Construction started	6 January 2004
Completed	Intended: September 2008; Revised: 2 December 2009
Opened	4 January 2010
Cost	USD $ 1.5 billion
Height
Architectural	828 m (2,717 ft)
Tip	829.8 m (2,722 ft)
Roof	828 m (2,717 ft)
Top floor	584.5 m (1,918 ft) (Level 154)
Observatory	555.7 m (1,823 ft) (Level 148)
Technical details
Material	Glass, steel, aluminium, reinforced concrete
Floor count	163 above ground. 154 usable floors; plus 9 maintenance levels (46 spire levels) and 2 below-ground parking levels
Floor area	309,473 m2 (3,331,100 sq ft)
Lifts/elevators	57 (55 single deck and 2 double deck), made by Otis Elevator Company
Design and construction
Architect	Adrian Smith at SOM
Developer	Emaar Properties
Structural engineer	Bill Baker at SOM
Main contractor	Samsung C&T Corporation, Besix and Arabtec; Supervision Consultant Engineer & Architect of Record Hyder Consulting; Construction Project Manager Turner Construction; Grocon; Planning Bauer AG and Middle East Foundations; Lift contractor Otis; VT consultant Lerch Bates;
Website
	www.burjkhalifa.ae

ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ (ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ برج خليفة‎‎, ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱫᱩᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱚᱛ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱘᱒᱙.᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒,᱗᱒᱒ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱾ ᱟᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱘᱒᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒,᱗᱑᱗ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ^[᱙]^[᱑᱐]

ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟ,ᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱫᱩᱵᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱦᱭᱟᱫᱽ ᱧᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱝᱥᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ^[᱓] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨ ᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱢᱤᱛᱷ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱣᱤᱞᱤᱥ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱕᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱤᱯᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱠᱟᱞᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾

ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱯᱷ᱾ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱔ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ^[᱑᱑]^[᱑᱒] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ 2 km² (490-acre) ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱫᱽᱢᱚᱨ, ᱩᱣᱤᱝᱜᱽᱥ, ᱢᱮᱨᱤᱞᱞᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱢᱤᱛᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱮᱨ ᱾ ^[᱑᱓]^[᱑᱔] ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱥᱩᱝ ᱾ ^[᱑᱕]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-12. Retrieved 2019-12-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named opening
↑ ^᱓.᱐ ^᱓.᱑ Stanglin, Douglas (2 January 2010). "Dubai opens world's tallest building". Dubai: USA Today. Retrieved 4 January 2010. ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; name "USAtoday" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^᱔.᱐ ^᱔.᱑ ^᱔.᱒ ^᱔.᱓ ^᱔.᱔ ^᱔.᱕ ^᱔.᱖ "Burj Khalifa – The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
↑ Baldwin, Derek (1 May 2008). "No more habitable floors to Burj Dubai". Gulfnews. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
↑ "The Burj Khalifa". Glass, Steel and Stone. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
↑ Blum, Andrew (27 November 2007). "Engineer Bill Baker Is the King of Superstable 150-Story Structures". Wired. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
↑ ^᱘.᱐ ^᱘.᱑ ^᱘.᱒ ^᱘.᱓ "Burj Dubai (Dubai Tower) and Dubai Mall, United Arab Emirates". designbuild-network.com. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
↑ name="CTBUHdb">"Burj Khalifa – The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
↑ name="DubaiOneInauguration"
↑ name="opening">"Official Opening of Iconic Burj Dubai Announced". Gulfnews. 4 November 2009. Archived from the original on 6 November 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
↑ "World's tallest building opens in Dubai". BBC News. 4 January 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
↑ name="Record High">"Burj Dubai reaches a record high". Emaar Properties. 21 July 2007. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2008.
↑ Keegan, Edward (15 October 2006). "Adrian Smith Leaves SOM, Longtime Skidmore partner bucks retirement to start new firm". ArchitectOnline. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
↑ name="SkyscraperPage">"Burj Dubai, Dubai – SkyscraperPage.com". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved 23 March 2009.

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ
"The Burj Dubai Tower Wind Engineering" (PDF). (597 KB) (Structure magazine, June 2006)
"The Wind Engineering of the Burj Dubai Tower" (PDF). Archived from the original on 14 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (620 KB) (Irwin et al., November 2006)
BBC reports: Burj Khalifa opening, with video and links; Maintaining the world's tallest building

[1] "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-12. Retrieved 2019-12-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[opening-2] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named opening

[USAtoday-3] ᱓.᱐ ^᱓.᱑ Stanglin, Douglas (2 January 2010). "Dubai opens world's tallest building". Dubai: USA Today. Retrieved 4 January 2010. ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; name "USAtoday" defined multiple times with different content

[CTBUHdb-4] ᱔.᱐ ^᱔.᱑ ^᱔.᱒ ^᱔.᱓ ^᱔.᱔ ^᱔.᱕ ^᱔.᱖ "Burj Khalifa – The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.

[Baldwin-5] Baldwin, Derek (1 May 2008). "No more habitable floors to Burj Dubai". Gulfnews. Retrieved 7 January 2010.

[6] "The Burj Khalifa". Glass, Steel and Stone. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)

[7] Blum, Andrew (27 November 2007). "Engineer Bill Baker Is the King of Superstable 150-Story Structures". Wired. Retrieved 11 March 2008.

[Contractors-8] ᱘.᱐ ^᱘.᱑ ^᱘.᱒ ^᱘.᱓ "Burj Dubai (Dubai Tower) and Dubai Mall, United Arab Emirates". designbuild-network.com. Retrieved 23 March 2009.

[9] ="CTBUHdb">"Burj Khalifa – The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.

[10] ="DubaiOneInauguration"

[11] ="opening">"Official Opening of Iconic Burj Dubai Announced". Gulfnews. 4 November 2009. Archived from the original on 6 November 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2009.

[news.bbc.co.uk-12] "World's tallest building opens in Dubai". BBC News. 4 January 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2010.

[13] ="Record High">"Burj Dubai reaches a record high". Emaar Properties. 21 July 2007. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2008.

[14] Keegan, Edward (15 October 2006). "Adrian Smith Leaves SOM, Longtime Skidmore partner bucks retirement to start new firm". ArchitectOnline. Retrieved 23 March 2009.

[15] ="SkyscraperPage">"Burj Dubai, Dubai – SkyscraperPage.com". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved 23 March 2009.

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