ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ
François-Marie Arouet (also known as Voltaire) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱵ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖᱙᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱤᱴᱚ (Poitou) ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱗᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱸᱱᱥ ᱢᱚᱭᱷᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱶᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱭ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱚᱵᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱒᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱗᱒᱙ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱵᱷᱤᱞᱛᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ, ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱢᱚᱴᱷᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ Revolution ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱘᱓ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱤᱨᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱵᱷᱚᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱥᱟᱸᱭ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱶ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱚᱥᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱴᱷᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱶᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱶ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱾
ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱚᱱᱚᱞ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱮ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]Philosophical works
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- Letters concerning the English nation (London, 1733) (French version entitled Lettres philosophiques sur les Anglais, Rouen, 1734), revised as Letters on the English (circa 1778)
- Le Mondain (1736)
- Sept Discours en Vers sur l'Homme (1738)
- Elements of the Philosophy of Newton (1745)
- Zadig (1747)
- Micromégas (1752)
- Candide (1759)
- Traité sur la tolérance (1763)
- Ce qui plaît aux dames (1764)
- Dictionnaire philosophique (1764)
- Questions sur les Miracles (1765)
- Idées républicaines (1765)
- L'Ingénu (1767)
- La Princesse de Babylone (1768)
- Des singularités de la nature (1768)
Plays
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]Voltaire wrote between fifty and sixty plays, including a few unfinished ones.[᱑] Among them are these:
- Œdipe (1718)
- Mariamne (1724)
- Éryphile (1732)
- Zaïre (1732)
- Mahomet (1741)
- Mérope (1743)
- La princesse de Navarre (1745)
- Nanine (1749)
- L'Orphelin de la Chine (1755)[᱒][᱓]
- Socrate (published 1759)
- La Femme Qui a Raison (1759)
- Irène (1778)
Historical
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- History of Charles XII, King of Sweden (1731)
- The Age of Louis XIV (1751)
- The Age of Louis XV (1746–1752)
- Annals of the Empire – Charlemagne, AD 742 – Henry VII 1313, Vol. I (1754)
- Annals of the Empire – Louis of Bavaria, 1315 to Ferdinand II 1631 Vol. II (1754)
- Essay on Universal History, the Manners, and Spirit of Nations (1756)
- History of the Russian Empire Under Peter the Great (Vol. I 1759; Vol. II 1763)
ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- Boulevard Voltaire
- Classical liberalism
- Contributions to liberal theory
- Mononymous persons
- Voltaire Foundation
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- ↑ Dates of the first performance, unless otherwise noted. Garreau, Joseph E. (1984). "Voltaire", vol. 5, pp. 113–17, in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama, Stanley Hochman, editor in chief. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-079169-5.
- ↑ Liu, Wu-Chi (1953). "The Original Orphan of China". Comparative Literature. 5 (3): 206–07. JSTOR 1768912.
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(help) - ↑ This is an adaptation of the famous Chinese play The Orphan of Zhao, based on historical events in the Spring and Autumn period.