ᱵᱷᱩᱛ ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ

ᱵᱷᱩᱛ ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ
Discovery
Discovered by	Johann Galle; Urbain Le Verrier;
Discovery date	23 September 1846
Designations
Pronunciation	/ˈnɛptjuːn/
Named after	Latin Neptūnus, via French Neptune
Adjectives	Neptunian /nɛpˈtjuːniən/, Poseidean
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch J2000
Aphelion	30.33 AU (4.54 billion km)
Perihelion	29.81 AU (4.46 billion km)
Semi-major axis	30.11 AU (4.50 billion km)
Eccentricity	0.009456
Orbital period	164.8 yr; 60,182 days; 89,666 Neptunian solar days;
Synodic period	367.49 days
Average orbital speed	5.43 km/s
Mean anomaly	256.228°
Inclination	1.767975° to ecliptic; 6.43° to Sun's equator; 0.72° to invariable plane
Longitude of ascending node	131.784°
Argument of perihelion	276.336°
Known satellites	14
Physical characteristics
Mean radius	24,622±19 km
Equatorial radius	24,764±15 km; 3.883 Earths
Polar radius	24,341±30 km; 3.829 Earths
Flattening	0.0171±0.0013
Surface area	7.6183×109 km2; 14.98 Earths
Volume	6.254×1013 km3; 57.74 Earths
Mass	1.02413×1026 kg; 17.147 Earths; 5.15 × 10-5 Suns
Mean density	1.638 g/cm3
Surface gravity	11.15 m/s2; 1.14 g
Moment of inertia factor	0.23 (estimate)
Escape velocity	23.5 km/s
Sidereal rotation period	0.6713 day; 16 h 6 min 36 s
Equatorial rotation velocity	2.68 km/s (9,650 km/h)
Axial tilt	28.32° (to orbit)
North pole right ascension	ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:RA; 299.3°
North pole declination	42.950°
Albedo	0.290 (bond); 0.442 (geom.)
Apparent magnitude	7.67 to 8.00
Angular diameter	2.2–2.4″
Atmosphere
Scale height	19.7±0.6 km
Composition by volume	; Gases:; 80%±3.2% hydrogen (H; 2); 19%±3.2% helium (He); 1.5%±0.5% methane (CH; 4); ~0.019% hydrogen deuteride (HD); ~0.00015% ethane (C; 2H; 6); Ices:; ammonia (NH; 3); water (H; 2O); ammonium hydrosulfide (NH; 4SH); methane ice (?) (CH; 4 · 5.75H2O);

ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ: ᱾

ᱵᱟᱷᱨᱤ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

↑ Hamilton, Calvin J. (4 August 2001). "Neptune". Views of the Solar System. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2007.
↑ Walter, Elizabeth (21 April 2003). Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53106-1.
↑ "Neptunian". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
↑ "Enabling Exploration with Small Radioisotope Power Systems" (PDF). NASA. September 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
↑ Seligman, Courtney. "Rotation Period and Day Length". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
↑ ^᱖.᱐᱐ ^᱖.᱐᱑ ^᱖.᱐᱒ ^᱖.᱐᱓ ^᱖.᱐᱔ ^᱖.᱐᱕ ^᱖.᱐᱖ ^᱖.᱐᱗ ^᱖.᱐᱘ ^᱖.᱐᱙ ^᱖.᱑᱐ ^᱖.᱑᱑ ^᱖.᱑᱒ Williams, David R. (1 September 2004). "Neptune Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on 1 July 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
↑ "The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter". 3 April 2009. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009. (produced with Solex 10 ᱞᱩᱣ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ: bad argument #2 to 'formatDate': invalid timestamp '᱒᱐᱐᱙-᱐᱔-᱒᱙' written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also Invariable plane)
↑ Yeomans, Donald K. "HORIZONS Web-Interface for Neptune Barycenter (Major Body=8)". JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.—Select "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". ("Target Body: Neptune Barycenter" and "Center: Solar System Barycenter (@0)".)
↑ ^᱙.᱐ ^᱙.᱑ ^᱙.᱒ ^᱙.᱓ ^᱙.᱔ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Seidelmann Archinal A'hearn et al. 2007
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named fact2
↑ de Pater, Imke; Lissauer, Jack J. (2015). Planetary Sciences (2nd updated ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-521-85371-2. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Pearl_et_al_Neptune
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mallama_et_al
↑ ^᱑᱔.᱐ ^᱑᱔.᱑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mallama_and_Hilton
↑ Espenak, Fred (20 July 2005). "Twelve Year Planetary Ephemeris: 1995–2006". NASA. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2008.

ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:<ref> tag defined in <references> has no name attribute.

ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:<ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found

[Hamilton-1] Hamilton, Calvin J. (4 August 2001). "Neptune". Views of the Solar System. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2007.

[2] Walter, Elizabeth (21 April 2003). Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53106-1.

[3] "Neptunian". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[Poseidean-4] "Enabling Exploration with Small Radioisotope Power Systems" (PDF). NASA. September 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.

[planet_years-5] Seligman, Courtney. "Rotation Period and Day Length". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2009.

[fact-6] ᱖.᱐᱐ ^᱖.᱐᱑ ^᱖.᱐᱒ ^᱖.᱐᱓ ^᱖.᱐᱔ ^᱖.᱐᱕ ^᱖.᱐᱖ ^᱖.᱐᱗ ^᱖.᱐᱘ ^᱖.᱐᱙ ^᱖.᱑᱐ ^᱖.᱑᱑ ^᱖.᱑᱒ Williams, David R. (1 September 2004). "Neptune Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on 1 July 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2007.

[meanplane-7] "The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter". 3 April 2009. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009. (produced with Solex 10 ᱞᱩᱣ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ: bad argument #2 to 'formatDate': invalid timestamp '᱒᱐᱐᱙-᱐᱔-᱒᱙' written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also Invariable plane)

[VSOP87-8] Yeomans, Donald K. "HORIZONS Web-Interface for Neptune Barycenter (Major Body=8)". JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.—Select "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". ("Target Body: Neptune Barycenter" and "Center: Solar System Barycenter (@0)".)

[Seidelmann_Archinal_A'hearn_et_al._2007-10] ᱙.᱐ ^᱙.᱑ ^᱙.᱒ ^᱙.᱓ ^᱙.᱔ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Seidelmann Archinal A'hearn et al. 2007

[fact2-12] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named fact2

[PS15-14] Pater, Imke; Lissauer, Jack J. (2015). Planetary Sciences (2nd updated ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-521-85371-2. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.

[Pearl_et_al_Neptune-15] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Pearl_et_al_Neptune

[Mallama_et_al-16] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mallama_et_al

[Mallama_and_Hilton-17] ᱑᱔.᱐ ^᱑᱔.᱑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mallama_and_Hilton

[ephemeris-18] Espenak, Fred (20 July 2005). "Twelve Year Planetary Ephemeris: 1995–2006". NASA. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2008.

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