ᱵᱷᱩᱛ ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
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Neptune Neptune symbol.svg
Neptune - Voyager 2 (29347980845) flatten crop.jpg
Photograph taken by NASA's Voyager 2 in 1989
Discovery[᱑]
Discovered by
Discovery date 23 September 1846
Designations
Pronunciation /ˈnɛptjuːn/[᱒]
Named after
 Latin Neptūnus, via French Neptune
Adjectives Neptunian /nɛpˈtjuːniən/,[᱓] Poseidean[᱔]
Orbital characteristics[᱘][lower-alpha ᱑]
Epoch J2000
Aphelion 30.33 AU (4.54 billion km)
Perihelion 29.81 AU (4.46 billion km)
30.11 AU (4.50 billion km)
Eccentricity 0.009456
367.49 days[᱖]
5.43 km/s[᱖]
256.228°
Inclination 1.767975° to ecliptic
6.43° to Sun's equator
0.72° to invariable plane[᱗]
131.784°
276.336°
Known satellites 14
Physical characteristics
Mean radius
 24,622±19 km[᱙][lower-alpha ᱒]
Equatorial radius
 24,764±15 km[᱙][lower-alpha ᱒]
3.883 Earths
Polar radius
 24,341±30 km[᱙][lower-alpha ᱒]
3.829 Earths
Flattening 0.0171±0.0013
7.6183×109 km2[᱑᱐][lower-alpha ᱒]
14.98 Earths
Volume 6.254×1013 km3[᱖][lower-alpha ᱒]
57.74 Earths
Mass 1.02413×1026 kg[᱖]
17.147 Earths
5.15 × 10-5 Suns
Mean density
 1.638 g/cm3[᱖][lower-alpha ᱓]
11.15 m/s2[᱖][lower-alpha ᱒]
1.14 g
0.23[᱑᱑] (estimate)
23.5 km/s[᱖][lower-alpha ᱒]
0.6713 day[᱖]
16 h 6 min 36 s
Equatorial rotation velocity
 2.68 km/s (9,650 km/h)
28.32° (to orbit)[᱖]
North pole right ascension
 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:RA[᱙]
299.3°
North pole declination
 42.950°[᱙]
Albedo 0.290 (bond)[᱑᱒]
0.442 (geom.)[᱑᱓]
Surface temp. min mean max
1 bar level 72 K (−201 °C)[᱖]
0.1 bar (10 kPa) 55 K (−218 °C)[᱖]
7.67[᱑᱔] to 8.00[᱑᱔]
2.2–2.4″[᱖][᱑᱕]
Atmosphere[᱖]
19.7±0.6 km
Composition by volume

ᱵᱟᱷᱨᱤ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

  1. ↑ Hamilton, Calvin J. (4 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2001). "Neptune". Views of the Solar System. Archived from the original on 15 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2007. Retrieved 13 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2007.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Walter, Elizabeth (21 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2003). Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53106-1. 
  3. ↑ "Neptunian". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2005.  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ↑ "Enabling Exploration with Small Radioisotope Power Systems" (PDF). NASA. ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2016. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2016.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "Rotation Period and Day Length". Archived from the original on 11 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2011. Retrieved 13 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2009.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ ᱖.᱐᱐ ᱖.᱐᱑ ᱖.᱐᱒ ᱖.᱐᱓ ᱖.᱐᱔ ᱖.᱐᱕ ᱖.᱐᱖ ᱖.᱐᱗ ᱖.᱐᱘ ᱖.᱐᱙ ᱖.᱑᱐ ᱖.᱑᱑ ᱖.᱑᱒ Williams, David R. (1 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2004). "Neptune Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on 1 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2010. Retrieved 14 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2007.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ "The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter". 3 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2009. Archived from the original on 14 ᱢᱮ 2009. Retrieved 10 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2009.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) (produced with Solex 10 ᱞᱩᱣ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ: bad argument #2 to 'formatDate' (not a valid timestamp) written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also Invariable plane)
  8. ↑ Yeomans, Donald K. "HORIZONS Web-Interface for Neptune Barycenter (Major Body=8)". JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. Archived from the original on 20 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2014. Retrieved 18 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2014.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)—Select "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". ("Target Body: Neptune Barycenter" and "Center: Solar System Barycenter (@0)".)
  9. ↑ ᱙.᱐ ᱙.᱑ ᱙.᱒ ᱙.᱓ ᱙.᱔ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Seidelmann Archinal A'hearn et al. 2007
  10. ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named fact2
  11. ↑ de Pater, Imke; Lissauer, Jack J. (2015). Planetary Sciences (2nd updated ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-521-85371-2. Archived from the original on 26 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2016. Retrieved 17 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2016.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Pearl_et_al_Neptune
  13. ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mallama_et_al
  14. ↑ ᱑᱔.᱐ ᱑᱔.᱑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mallama_and_Hilton
  15. ↑ Espenak, Fred (20 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2005). "Twelve Year Planetary Ephemeris: 1995–2006". NASA. Archived from the original on 5 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012. Retrieved 1 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2008.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
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