ᱵᱷᱩᱛ ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ

ᱵᱷᱩᱛ ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ
Discovery
Discovered by	Johann Galle; Urbain Le Verrier;
Discovery date	23 September 1846
Designations
Pronunciation	/ˈnɛptjuːn/
Named after	Latin Neptūnus, via French Neptune
Adjectives	Neptunian /nɛpˈtjuːniən/, Poseidean
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch J2000
Aphelion	30.33 AU (4.54 billion km)
Perihelion	29.81 AU (4.46 billion km)
Semi-major axis	30.11 AU (4.50 billion km)
Eccentricity	0.009456
Orbital period	164.8 yr; 60,182 days; 89,666 Neptunian solar days;
Synodic period	367.49 days
Average orbital speed	5.43 km/s
Mean anomaly	256.228°
Inclination	1.767975° to ecliptic; 6.43° to Sun's equator; 0.72° to invariable plane
Longitude of ascending node	131.784°
Argument of perihelion	276.336°
Known satellites	14
Physical characteristics
Mean radius	24,622±19 km
Equatorial radius	24,764±15 km; 3.883 Earths
Polar radius	24,341±30 km; 3.829 Earths
Flattening	0.0171±0.0013
Surface area	7.6183×109 km2; 14.98 Earths
Volume	6.254×1013 km3; 57.74 Earths
Mass	1.02413×1026 kg; 17.147 Earths; 5.15 × 10-5 Suns
Mean density	1.638 g/cm3
Surface gravity	11.15 m/s2; 1.14 g
Moment of inertia factor	0.23 (estimate)
Escape velocity	23.5 km/s
Sidereal rotation period	0.6713 day; 16 h 6 min 36 s
Equatorial rotation velocity	2.68 km/s (9,650 km/h)
Axial tilt	28.32° (to orbit)
North pole right ascension	ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:RA; 299.3°
North pole declination	42.950°
Albedo	0.290 (bond); 0.442 (geom.)
Apparent magnitude	7.67 to 8.00
Angular diameter	2.2–2.4″
Atmosphere
Scale height	19.7±0.6 km
Composition by volume	; Gases:; 80%±3.2% hydrogen (H; 2); 19%±3.2% helium (He); 1.5%±0.5% methane (CH; 4); ~0.019% hydrogen deuteride (HD); ~0.00015% ethane (C; 2H; 6); Ices:; ammonia (NH; 3); water (H; 2O); ammonium hydrosulfide (NH; 4SH); methane ice (?) (CH; 4 · 5.75H2O);

ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ: ᱾

ᱵᱟᱷᱨᱤ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Hamilton, Calvin J. (4 August 2001). "Neptune". Views of the Solar System. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2007.
↑ Walter, Elizabeth (21 April 2003). Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53106-1.
↑ "Neptunian". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
↑ "Enabling Exploration with Small Radioisotope Power Systems" (PDF). NASA. September 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
↑ Yeomans, Donald K. "HORIZONS Web-Interface for Neptune Barycenter (Major Body=8)". JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.—Select "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". ("Target Body: Neptune Barycenter" and "Center: Solar System Barycenter (@0)".)
↑ Seligman, Courtney. "Rotation Period and Day Length". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Williams, David R. (1 September 2004). "Neptune Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on 1 July 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
↑ "The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter". 3 April 2009. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009. (produced with Solex 10 Archived ᱒᱔ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ at the Wayback Machine. written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also Invariable plane)
1 2 3 4 5 ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Seidelmann Archinal A'hearn et al. 2007
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named fact2
↑ de Pater, Imke; Lissauer, Jack J. (2015). Planetary Sciences (2nd updated ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-521-85371-2. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Pearl_et_al_Neptune
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mallama_et_al
1 2 ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mallama_and_Hilton
↑ Espenak, Fred (20 July 2005). "Twelve Year Planetary Ephemeris: 1995–2006". NASA. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2008.

↑ Orbital elements refer to the Neptune barycentre and Solar System barycentre. These are the instantaneous osculating values at the precise J2000 epoch. Barycentre quantities are given because, in contrast to the planetary centre, they do not experience appreciable changes on a day-to-day basis from the motion of the moons.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Refers to the level of 1 bar (100 kPa) atmospheric pressure
↑ Based on the volume within the level of 1 bar atmospheric pressure

ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:<ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found

[Hamilton-1] Hamilton, Calvin J. (4 August 2001). "Neptune". Views of the Solar System. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2007.

[2] Walter, Elizabeth (21 April 2003). Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53106-1.

[3] "Neptunian". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[Poseidean-4] "Enabling Exploration with Small Radioisotope Power Systems" (PDF). NASA. September 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.

[VSOP87-5] Yeomans, Donald K. "HORIZONS Web-Interface for Neptune Barycenter (Major Body=8)". JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.—Select "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". ("Target Body: Neptune Barycenter" and "Center: Solar System Barycenter (@0)".)

[planet_years-7] Seligman, Courtney. "Rotation Period and Day Length". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2009.

[fact-8] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Williams, David R. (1 September 2004). "Neptune Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on 1 July 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2007.

[meanplane-9] "The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter". 3 April 2009. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009. (produced with Solex 10 Archived ᱒᱔ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ at the Wayback Machine. written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also Invariable plane)

[Seidelmann_Archinal_A'hearn_et_al._2007-10] 1 2 3 4 5 ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Seidelmann Archinal A'hearn et al. 2007

[fact2-12] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named fact2

[PS15-14] Pater, Imke; Lissauer, Jack J. (2015). Planetary Sciences (2nd updated ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-521-85371-2. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.

[Pearl_et_al_Neptune-15] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Pearl_et_al_Neptune

[Mallama_et_al-16] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mallama_et_al

[Mallama_and_Hilton-17] 1 2 ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mallama_and_Hilton

[ephemeris-18] Espenak, Fred (20 July 2005). "Twelve Year Planetary Ephemeris: 1995–2006". NASA. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2008.

[barycentre-6] Orbital elements refer to the Neptune barycentre and Solar System barycentre. These are the instantaneous osculating values at the precise J2000 epoch. Barycentre quantities are given because, in contrast to the planetary centre, they do not experience appreciable changes on a day-to-day basis from the motion of the moons.

[1bar-11] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Refers to the level of 1 bar (100 kPa) atmospheric pressure

[1bar_b-13] Based on the volume within the level of 1 bar atmospheric pressure

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