ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ
ελληνικά
Idealised portrayal of ᱦᱚᱢᱤᱨ
ᱨᱟᱹᱲ	ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:IPA-el
ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ	ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱭᱯᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱱᱟᱛᱳᱞᱳᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱞᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ	Greeks
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ	᱑᱓.᱔ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ	ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱞᱮᱱᱤᱠ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ
	ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ
Dialects	ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱱᱮᱵᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ	ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ
ISO 639-1	el
ISO 639-2	gre (B) ell (T)
ISO 639-3	Variously: ell – ᱱᱮᱵᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ grc – ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱜᱨᱤᱠ cpg – Cappadocian Greek gmy – Mycenaean Greek pnt – Pontic tsd – Tsakonian yej – Yevanic
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ	gree1276
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ	56-AAA-a 56-AAA-aa to -am (varieties)

ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱰᱚ-ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱥ (ᱦᱮᱞᱞᱟᱥ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱨᱳᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱜᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠᱟ (Ελληνικά) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱶᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱚ-ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱓᱔᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱚᱝᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱶᱟᱞ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱤ (Linear B) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱨᱤᱭᱚᱴ ᱥᱤᱞᱟᱵᱚᱨᱤ (Cypriot syllabary) ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

Proto-Greek-speaking area according to linguist Vladimir I. Georgiev

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱥᱩ ᱢᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱞᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮᱻᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱢᱮᱥᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱥᱩᱢᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱔᱕᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱓᱕᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱮ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱱᱰᱚ-ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱯᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ

ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱵᱚᱨᱰ

ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ . ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱯᱨᱳᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱨᱳᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ (European Union) ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟ (member) ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱠᱟᱨᱮᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱻᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ

ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱯᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱤ (Linear B), ᱥᱤᱯᱨᱤᱭᱚᱴ ᱥᱤᱞᱟᱵᱚᱨᱤ (Cypriot syllabary) ᱟᱨ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱥᱩᱢᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱚᱭᱮᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ (Phoenician alphabet) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱨᱤᱠᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (upper-case letters) ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (lower-case letters) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱥᱠᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱥᱻᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱶ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱾

ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱠᱚᱶᱟ, ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱜᱢᱟ (ς) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

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ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

• Greek Language, Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia.
• The Greek Language and Linguistics Gateway, useful information on the history of the Greek language, application of modern Linguistics to the study of Greek, and tools for learning Greek.
• Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, The Greek Language Portal, a portal for Greek language and linguistic education.
• The Perseus Project has many useful pages for the study of classical languages and literatures, including dictionaries.
• Ancient Greek Tutorials, Berkeley Language Center of the University of California, Berkeley