ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱢᱳᱨᱜᱮᱱᱥᱴᱭᱟᱨᱱᱮ (Georg Morgenstierne) ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱴᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱮᱥᱟᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱣᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾"
| Tirahi | |
|---|---|
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | Afghanistan |
| ᱡᱟᱹᱛ | perhaps 5,000 (no date)[᱑] |
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ | (undated figure of 100)[᱑] |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | |
| ISO 639-3 | tra |
| ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | tira1253[᱒] |
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱨᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱤᱦᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱯᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱵᱟ, ᱢᱤᱛᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱟ-ᱠᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱴᱮᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱪᱤᱞᱟᱥᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱜᱳᱣᱨᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥ ᱠᱚᱦᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱨᱰᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱣ - ᱰᱮᱱ, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱱᱩᱦ, ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱱᱛ - ᱟᱥᱴ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱛᱟ) ᱾ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱨᱰᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱵᱩᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ, ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱢᱳᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱳ ᱾[᱓]
ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱴᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱦᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱦᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱳᱜᱚᱨᱱᱥᱴᱟᱨᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱴᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱮᱥᱟᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱣᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾"[᱔]
ᱩᱧᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱱᱩᱱ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱠᱥᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱱᱳᱢᱤᱱᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ, ᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ, ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ, ᱰᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱵᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ, ᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱱᱟᱱᱴ-ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱮᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ -ī ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱰᱮᱯᱤᱱᱤᱴ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱼᱟ ᱾[᱕]
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | mala - 'father' | mala | adam - 'man' | adam-a | |
| Oblique | mala | mal-an | adam-a | adam-an | |
| Dative | mala-s | mala | adam-a-s | adam-an | |
| Ablative | mala-si | mala-si | adam-a-si | adam-an | |
| Genitive | mala-ma | mala-si | adam-a-ma | adam-an-si |
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ↑ ᱑.᱐ ᱑.᱑ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Ethnologue15
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tirahi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|chapterurl=ignored (help) - ↑ Grierson, G. (1925). On the Tirahi language. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (New Series), 57(03), 405-416
- ↑ Turner, R. L. (1934-01-01). "Review of Report on a Linguistic Mission to North-Western India". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 66 (4): 801–803. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00112675. JSTOR 25201006.
- ↑ Grierson, George (March 1925). "On The Tirahi Language". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (3): 408. JSTOR 25220761.