ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ
| Indo-Aryan | |
|---|---|
| Indic | |
| ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ | South Asia |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ |
Indo-European
|
| ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | Proto-Indo-Aryan |
| ᱟᱭᱮᱥᱳ ᱖᱓᱙ᱼ᱒ / ᱕ | inc |
| ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱟᱥᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ | 59= (phylozone) |
| ᱜᱽᱞᱚᱴᱴᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ | indo1321[᱑] |
 Present-day geographical distribution of the major Indo-Aryan language groups. Romani, Domari, Kholosi and Lomavren are outside the scope of the map.
Chitrali (Dardic)
Shina (Dardic)
Kohistani (Dardic)
Kashmiri (Dardic)
Sindhi (Northwestern)
Gujarati (Western)
Garhwali-Kumaoni (= C. Pahari, Northern)
Nepali (= E. Pahari, Northern)
Eastern Hindi (Central)
Bengali-Assamese (Eastern)
Oriya (Eastern)
Halbi (Eastern)
Sinhala-Maldivian (Southern)
(not shown: Kunar (Dardic), Chinali-Lahuli) | |
ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱞ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (21st century) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱘᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ[᱒] ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ[᱓] ᱾
(ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ: ᱠᱩᱱᱟᱨ (ᱫᱟᱨᱫᱤᱠ), ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱞᱤᱼᱞᱟᱦᱩᱞᱤ)
ᱱᱮᱵᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱥᱚᱝᱠᱨᱤᱛ, ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱥᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱨᱤᱛ) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ-ᱩᱨᱫᱩ (᱓᱒᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ), ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ (᱒᱔᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ), ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ (᱑᱒᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ), ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ (᱑᱑᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ), ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ (᱖᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ), ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ (᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ), ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ (᱕᱑ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ), ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ (᱓᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ), ᱢᱚᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞᱤ (᱓᱔ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ), ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ (᱒᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ), ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ (᱑᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ), ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ (᱑᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱜᱚᱲᱤ (᱑᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ) ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ (native speakers) ᱙᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ[᱔] ᱾
ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱫᱟᱨᱫᱤᱠ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱫᱟᱨᱫᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱩᱯᱚᱢᱟᱦᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ :
- ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ
- ᱥᱤᱱᱟ
- ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱟᱞᱤ
- ᱠᱳᱦᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ
- ᱯᱟᱥᱟᱭ
- ᱠᱩᱱᱟᱨ
ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ (ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱩᱯᱚᱢᱟᱦᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱞᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ :
- ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ, ᱡᱩᱢᱞᱤ, ᱰᱮᱴᱚᱞᱤ;
- ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ: ᱜᱟᱲᱣᱟᱞᱤ, ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱣᱱᱤ;
- ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ(ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞᱤ): ᱰᱳᱜᱨᱤ, ᱠᱟᱝᱨᱤ, ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱟᱨᱣᱟᱦᱤ, ᱪᱩᱨᱟᱦᱤ, ᱵᱷᱟᱛᱮᱭᱟᱞᱤ, ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨᱤ, ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱮᱞᱤ, ᱜᱟᱰᱰᱤ, ᱯᱟᱝᱣᱟᱞᱤ, ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮᱞᱤ, ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱥᱩ, ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ, ᱡᱟᱭᱩᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ, ᱠᱩᱞᱞᱩ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱨᱤ, ᱥᱨᱢᱟᱣᱨᱤ ᱾
ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱩᱯᱚᱢᱟᱦᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
- ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ
ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱫᱮᱥᱤ
- ᱞᱳᱢᱵᱟᱫᱤ
- ᱰᱳᱢᱟᱠᱤ
ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ)[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ: ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ (ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ), ᱵᱨᱚᱡ, ᱵᱩᱱᱫᱮᱞᱤ;
- ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ: ᱵᱟᱜᱷᱮᱞᱤ, ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱜᱚᱲᱤ,
ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ᱦᱞᱵᱤᱠ
- ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ: ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨᱤ, ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱟᱢᱤ, ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱟᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ, ᱵᱳᱰᱳ;
- ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱼᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ: ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱩᱯᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ, ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴᱤ, ᱪᱟᱠᱢᱟ;
ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤᱼᱠᱚᱝᱠᱚᱬᱤ
- ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤᱠ: ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱮᱼᱵᱳᱭᱫᱤᱠ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢᱠᱚ (᱑᱕᱐᱐-᱓᱐᱐ BCE), ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱵᱳᱭᱫᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱛᱟᱱᱤᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱩᱯᱚᱢᱟᱦᱫᱮᱥ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱢᱟᱬᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ (ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱨᱤᱛ)[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱩᱯᱚᱢᱟᱦᱫᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱰᱳᱢᱟᱨᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱞᱳᱢᱟᱵᱷᱨᱮᱱ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
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ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱠᱩᱣᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ |
- The Indo-Aryan languages, 25 Oct 2009
- The Indo-Aryan languages Colin P.Masica
- Survey of the syntax of the modern Indo-Aryan languages (Rajesh Bhatt), 7 February 2003.
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Indo-Aryan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ "Overview of Indo-Aryan languages". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 8 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2018.
- ↑ Various counts depend on where the line is drawn between a "dialect" and a "language".ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Cn Glottolog 4.1 lists 224 languages.
- ↑ Edwin Francis Bryant; Laurie L. Patton (2005). The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History. Routledge. pp. 246–247. ISBN 978-0-7007-1463-6.