ᱤᱣᱨᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ

ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱠ
ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ	ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ
ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ	ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ
ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ	ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱟᱞᱤᱠ
ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ	ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱝᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱳᱨᱰᱵᱷᱤᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱨᱢᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱭᱮᱰᱤᱠ
ᱟᱭᱮᱥᱳ ᱖᱓᱙ᱼ᱕	urj
ᱜᱽᱞᱚᱴᱴᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ	ural1272
ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ

ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (Meänkieli, Kven and Ludic are debated)

ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Uralic languages) ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱮᱡ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱒᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱝᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚ, ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱛᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱳᱠᱥᱟ, ᱢᱟᱨᱤ, ᱩᱫᱢᱩᱨᱛ, ᱥᱟᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱨᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

"ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱠ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ (ᱩᱨᱦᱮᱭᱢᱟᱛ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ

ᱤᱣᱨᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱝᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚ   60% ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱤᱥ   26% ᱮᱥᱛᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ   5.5% ᱢᱟᱨᱤ   2.3% ᱩᱫᱢᱩᱨᱛ   2.2% ᱢᱳᱨᱰᱵᱷᱤᱱ   2.0% ᱠᱳᱢᱤ   1.5% ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ   0.27% ᱱᱮᱱᱮᱛᱥ   0.15% ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱤ   0.12% ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱴᱤ   0.07% ᱮᱴᱟᱜ   0.07%

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

• "The Finno-Ugrics" The Economist, December 20, 2005
• Kulonen, Ulla-Maija: Origin of Finnish and related languages. thisisFINLAND, Finland Promotion Board. Cited 30.10.2009.
• "Early Indo-Iranic loans in Uralic: Sounds and strata" (PDF). Martin Joachim Kümmel, Seminar for Indo-European Studies.
• Syrjänen, Kaj, Lehtinen, Jyri, Vesakoski, Outi, de Heer, Mervi, Suutari, Toni, Dunn, Michael, … Leino, Unni-Päivä. (2018). lexibank/uralex: UraLex basic vocabulary dataset (Version v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1459402

"Rebel" Uralists

• "The untenability of the Finno-Ugrian theory from a linguistic point of view" by Dr. László Marácz, a minority opinion on the language family
• "The 'Ugric-Turkic battle': a critical review" by Angela Marcantonio, Pirjo Nummenaho, and Michela Salvagni
• "Linguistic shadow-boxing" by Johanna Laakso – a book review of Angela Marcantonio's The Uralic Language Family: Facts, Myths and Statistics