ᱦᱳ ᱭᱟᱣ

ᱦᱳ ᱭᱟᱣ
ᱦᱳ ᱭᱟᱣ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	᱑᱙᱐᱓; Panyu, Guangdong, Qing Empire
ᱜᱩᱨ	᱑᱕ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱔᱒ (Error: Need valid year, month, day ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ); Japanese-occupied Singapore
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ	Southeast University
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ	Pu Shunqing; Wan Hoi-ling (尹海靈);
	ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Chinese

ᱦᱳ ᱭᱟᱣ (᱑᱙᱐᱓-᱑᱙᱔᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ, ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱞᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱚᱛᱩᱛ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ' ᱫᱟ ᱰᱤᱥᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱩᱭᱤᱯᱷ ' (᱑᱙᱒᱔) ' ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱳᱣᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱱ ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ' (᱑᱙᱒᱗) ' ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ' ᱟᱨ ' ᱢᱳᱞᱟᱱ ᱡᱳᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱫᱟ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ' (᱑᱙᱒᱘)᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱮᱰᱳᱯᱞᱮ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱥ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱛᱚᱛᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣ ᱵᱨᱟᱰᱟᱨᱥ ᱥᱴᱩᱫᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱯᱩ ᱥᱩᱱᱠᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱭᱵᱥᱮᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

᱑᱙᱓᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱦᱩᱭᱟᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱠ ᱪᱤᱝ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱤ

ᱦᱳ ᱤᱭᱟᱣ ᱑᱙᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱜᱩᱭᱟᱝᱰᱚᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱱᱡᱤᱝ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱱᱟᱢᱚᱨᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ (ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤᱱᱼᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱱᱟᱱᱡᱤᱝ, ᱡᱟᱭᱟᱝᱥᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟ ᱰᱤᱥᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱩᱭᱤᱯᱷ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱑]

᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱭᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱳ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱳᱣᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ' ᱫᱟ ᱰᱤᱥᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱩᱭᱤᱯᱷ ' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱩᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱳᱣᱟᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ 'ᱤᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱰᱨᱤᱢ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱚᱵᱽᱰ ᱣᱟᱱᱮᱥ' (᱑᱙᱒᱕) ᱟᱨ 'ᱫᱟ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱼᱯᱚᱞᱠᱤᱝ ᱜᱟᱨᱞ' (᱑᱙᱒᱕) ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ' ᱠᱤᱭᱩᱯᱤᱰᱥ ᱰᱚᱞᱥ ' (᱑᱙᱒᱕) ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱭ ᱡᱩᱭᱪᱳᱣ ᱟᱨ ' ᱫᱟ ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱳᱠᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ' (1926ᱼ1926) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱯᱩ ᱥᱩᱱᱠᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱮᱰᱮᱠᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱭᱵᱮᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱭᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱮᱰᱳᱯᱞᱮ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱥ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱛᱚᱛᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱔ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱱᱳᱭ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ 1926 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ' ᱯᱤᱤᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱜᱳᱰ ' ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ' ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱳᱣᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱱ ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ' ᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱾ ᱕ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 'ᱟ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱭᱮᱴ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱫᱟ ᱥᱤ' (᱑᱙᱒᱗) ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ , ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱒᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ' ᱢᱳᱞᱟᱱ ᱡᱳᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱫᱟ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ' ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱦᱳ ᱑᱙᱒᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱡᱤᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾^[᱑] ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱱᱳᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱᱦᱩᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱡᱤᱝ ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ 1932 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱤᱭᱩᱫᱳ ' ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ' ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ 1933 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ' ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱩᱞ ᱯᱮᱹᱥ ᱨᱮᱥᱤᱯᱴᱥ ' ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱓᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱳ-ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳᱣ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱞᱪᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱱᱟᱱᱭᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣ ᱵᱨᱚᱰᱟᱨᱥ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ "ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ" ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱣᱟᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱮᱸᱰ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱥ (᱑᱙᱓᱘), ᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱥᱴ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱞ (᱑᱙᱓᱘) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱢ ᱚᱵᱷ ᱳᱵᱷ ᱯᱟᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠ (᱑᱙᱓᱙) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱒]

ᱪᱟ1940 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱯᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣ ᱵᱨᱟᱰᱟᱨᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 1941 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱯᱩᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨᱛᱮ 1942 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱠ ᱪᱤᱱᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱜᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱱᱤᱥ ᱦᱳ ᱤᱭᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾^[᱒]

ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱾

ᱦᱳ ᱭᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱾ 1926 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ' ᱮ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱝ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱞᱥ ' ᱟᱨ ' ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱳᱭᱮᱹᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ' ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ 1990 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱳ ᱤᱭᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱭ ᱢᱩ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ ^᱑.᱐ ^᱑.᱑ ^᱑.᱒ 侯曜 [Hou Yao] (in Chinese). Shanghai Municipal Government. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
↑ ^᱒.᱐ ^᱒.᱑ 早期香港电影──国防电影与侯曜 [Early Hong Kong cinema — National Defence Film and Hou Yao]. Ta Kung Pao (in Chinese). 13 February 2014. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[sh-1] ᱑.᱐ ^᱑.᱑ ^᱑.᱒ 侯曜 [Hou Yao] (in Chinese). Shanghai Municipal Government. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[tkp-2] ᱒.᱐ ^᱒.᱑ 早期香港电影──国防电影与侯曜 [Early Hong Kong cinema — National Defence Film and Hou Yao]. Ta Kung Pao (in Chinese). 13 February 2014. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[᱑]

[᱒]