ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ
| ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱥᱮ) ᱩᱱᱯᱟᱣᱳᱝ ᱢᱩᱝᱰᱟᱱ ကချင်ပြည်နယ် · Wunpawng Mungdan | ||
|---|---|---|
| ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ | ||
| Wunpawng Mungdaw (or) Wunpawng Mungdan | ||
| ||
 ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ | ||
| Coordinates: 26°0′N 97°30′E / 26.000°N 97.500°ECoordinates: 26°0′N 97°30′E / 26.000°N 97.500°E | ||
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ |  ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ | |
| ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱥᱮᱫ | |
| ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ | ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱛᱷᱠᱟᱭᱱᱟ | |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ | ||
| • Chief Minister | ᱠᱷᱮᱛ ᱟᱭᱩᱝ (ᱮᱱᱮᱞᱰᱤ) | |
| • Cabinet | ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ | |
| • Legislature | Kachin State Hluttaw | |
| • Judiciary | Kachin State High Court | |
| ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ | ||
| • ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ | 89041.2 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (34379�0 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) | |
| ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱸᱠ | 3rd | |
| ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ | (᱒᱐᱑᱔)[᱑] | |
| • ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ | ᱑,᱖᱘᱙,᱔᱔᱑ | |
| • ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱞ | 10th | |
| • ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ | 19/ᱠᱤᱢᱤ2 (49/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱤᱞ) | |
| Demonym(s) | Kachinian | |
| Demographics | ||
| • Ethnicities | ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ (ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ. ᱡᱟᱭᱣᱟ), ᱞᱤᱥᱩ, ᱦᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ, ᱥᱟᱱ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟ, ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱟ, ᱱᱩ, ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱟᱱ, ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤᱥ ᱜᱨᱩᱠᱷ | |
| • ᱪᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ |
| |
| MMT (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+06:30) | ||
| HDI (2015) | 0.596[᱒] medium · 2nd | |
ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱺ Wunpawng Mungdaw, ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤᱥ ᱺ ကချင်ပြည်နယ်) ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱤᱱ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱤᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ (ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ) ᱾ ᱘᱙,᱐᱔᱑ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱢᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱢᱭᱤᱛᱷᱠᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱢᱳ, ᱢᱳᱦᱱᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱛᱟᱳ ᱾
ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱟᱠᱟᱠᱟᱵᱳ ᱨᱟᱡᱤ (᱕,᱘᱘᱙ ᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ (᱑᱙,᱓᱒᱑ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ)) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱞᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠ ᱤᱱᱫᱟᱣᱜᱤ ᱞᱮᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]| ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱥᱚᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ | ||
|---|---|---|
| ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ | ᱦᱚᱲ. | ±% |
| ᱑᱙᱗᱓ | ᱗᱓᱗,᱙᱓᱙ | — |
| ᱑᱙᱘᱓ | ᱙᱐᱔,᱗᱙᱔ | +22.6% |
| ᱒᱐᱑᱔ | ᱑,᱖᱘᱙,᱔᱔᱑ | +86.7% |
| ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ: 2014 Myanmar Census | ||
ᱪᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱪᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱪᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
| ᱪᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ |
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ % ᱑᱙᱘᱓ |
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ % ᱒᱐᱑᱕[᱓] |
|---|---|---|
| ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ | ᱕᱘.᱕% | ᱖᱔.0% |
| ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ | ᱓᱘.᱕% | ᱓᱓.᱘% |
| ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ | ᱑.᱘% | 0.᱔% |
| ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ | 0.᱕% | ᱑.᱖% |
| ᱮᱴᱟᱜ | 0.᱗% | 0.᱒ |
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱡᱤᱱᱯᱷᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱪᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱝᱠᱟ (lingua franca) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱱᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱡᱩᱛᱩᱜ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱮᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱖ ᱠᱟᱞᱩᱣᱟ, ᱛᱟᱣᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱥᱩ ᱱᱩᱝᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱥᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱯᱳ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾
ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ (ᱛᱟᱛᱢᱟᱫᱟᱣ) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤᱥ, ᱒᱔.᱒% ᱥᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱘.᱑% ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱛᱢᱟᱫᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱦᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱺ ᱒᱙.᱒% - ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤᱥ, ᱒᱓.᱖% - ᱥᱟᱱ, ᱑᱘.᱙᱗% - ᱡᱤᱝᱯᱷᱟᱣ, ᱗% - ᱞᱤᱥᱩ, ᱕% - ᱨᱟᱣᱟᱢ, ᱓.᱓᱓% - ᱞᱟᱣᱣᱟᱣ, ᱒.᱘᱙% - ᱞᱟᱪᱮᱤᱠ, ᱑.᱕᱗% - ᱡᱟᱭᱠᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱘% - ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱾[᱔]
ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱦᱮᱡᱽᱥᱮᱱ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱺ
- ᱵᱷᱟᱢᱳ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ
- ᱢᱭᱤᱛᱷᱠᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ
- ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱣ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ
ᱢᱭᱤᱛᱷᱠᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱤᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ) ᱾ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱭᱤᱛᱷᱠᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱒᱑-᱓᱐ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱤᱭᱟᱝᱜᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷ ᱵᱮᱥᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱜᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱺ [᱕]
| AY ᱒᱐᱐᱒-᱒᱐᱐᱓ | ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ | ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ | ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ᱟᱥᱲᱟ | ᱑᱑᱘᱓ | ᱘᱖ | ᱔᱑ |
| ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ | ᱓᱗᱐᱐ | ᱑᱕᱐᱐ | ᱖᱐᱐ |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱹᱣᱟᱹ | ᱑᱖᱘,000 | ᱘᱐,000 | ᱒᱔,᱑᱐᱐ |
ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ] |
ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛᱫᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾. |
|
ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ,  ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
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Tibet Autonomous Region,  China
|
| |
| ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Country data Sagaing Region | 
|
ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱱ, China
| ||
 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Country data Kachin State 
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| ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Country data Shan State |
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- ↑ Census Report. The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census. Vol. 2. Naypyitaw: Ministry of Immigration and Population. May 2015. p. 17.
- ↑ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2018-09-13.
- ↑ Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR (July 2016). The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Census Report Volume 2-C. Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR. pp. 12–15.
- ↑ https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Ethnic-Identity-in-Myanmar.pdf
- ↑ "Education statistics by level and by State and Division". Myanmar Central Statistical Organization. Archived from the original on 2008-05-24. Retrieved 2009-04-09.