ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ
ཤར་པ།
	ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱦᱚᱰ
ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
Nepal	᱕,᱒᱐,᱐᱐᱐
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ	᱖᱕,᱐᱐᱐ (ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ)
ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ	᱑᱐,᱗᱐᱐
USA	᱑᱖,᱘᱐᱐
ᱪᱤᱱ	᱒,᱐᱐᱐
ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
	ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ (᱙᱓%) ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ: ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱵᱚᱱ, ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ
	ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱦᱚᱭᱞᱚᱢ, ᱡᱤᱨᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚ, ᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ-ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ, ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱚᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱪᱷᱩᱢ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ཤར ᱥᱟᱨ ('ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ') ᱟᱨ པ ᱯᱟ ('ᱦᱚᱲ') ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱜᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱳᱞᱩᱠᱩᱢᱵᱟ,ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱨᱟ,ᱠᱟᱢ, ᱨᱳᱞᱳᱣᱟᱞᱤᱝ,ᱵᱟᱨᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱚᱠ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ^[᱔] ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱜᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱮᱞᱟᱢᱵᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱳᱢᱯᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱛᱮᱝᱵᱳᱪᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱳᱞᱩᱼᱠᱷᱩᱢᱵᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱵᱨᱟᱢᱵᱷᱚᱭ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱝᱜᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱥᱤᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ (ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱵᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱚᱛᱤᱼᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ^[᱕], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱥᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾

ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱤᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱖,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱕,᱑᱒,᱙᱔᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱼᱵᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱳᱞᱩᱠᱩᱢᱵᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜᱯᱟ, ᱛᱤᱢᱤ, ᱥᱟᱨᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱳᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱳᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱑᱓ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱩᱢᱵᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ^[᱖] ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾

᱑᱔᱐᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ,ᱠᱷᱩᱢᱵᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ (ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤ) ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱯᱮᱲᱼᱦᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱩᱢᱵᱩ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱼᱟ᱾ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ6 ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱲᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ᱾ , ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱨᱩ ᱮᱥᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱾ ^[᱗] ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱫᱤᱡ, ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ^[᱘] ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱢᱳᱜᱞᱳᱵᱤᱱᱼᱵᱚᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱱᱤᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱮᱠᱥᱟᱭᱰ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱩᱱᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱣᱩᱞ (ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱼᱞᱟᱰᱚᱥ) ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱭᱝᱢᱟ ('ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ' ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ) ᱼ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱫᱟᱢᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ (ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱯᱳᱪᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ) ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱵᱳᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱟᱭᱝᱢᱟᱯᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱴᱳᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱟᱢᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱱᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱴᱨᱤ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱦᱤᱴ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱳᱭᱥᱚᱛ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱨᱢᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ

ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱨᱢᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱣᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ^[᱙] ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 'ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱨᱢᱚᱛᱟ' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ 'ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ' ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ^[᱑᱐] ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱴᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱯᱨᱳᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱲᱟᱣᱼᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱜᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱣᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟᱥ ^[᱑᱑] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱜᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ^[᱑᱒] ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱛᱳ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ^[᱑᱓], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ

ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱵᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧᱼᱵᱮᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱵ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱩᱱᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱝᱠᱚᱠ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧᱼᱵᱮᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱱᱼᱞᱮᱹᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱩᱱᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱝᱜᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱞᱤᱵᱷᱞᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭᱩᱜ ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱚᱛᱩᱠ ᱾(ᱵᱞᱳᱥ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱝᱜᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱱᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ,ᱯᱮᱝᱰᱮᱱ ᱾ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱭᱩᱭ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱵᱟᱥ ᱨᱩᱯᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱞ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱼᱟ ᱾: 138–141

ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ

ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱡᱤᱝ ᱱᱚᱨᱜᱮ ᱾ ^[᱑᱔]^[᱑᱕]^[᱑᱖] ᱑᱙᱕᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ^[᱑᱗], ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱢᱩᱱᱰ ᱦᱮᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱪᱩᱲᱟᱹᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱨᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱮᱱᱡᱤᱝ ᱱᱚᱨᱜᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱮᱰ ᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱩᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱟᱥᱮᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱜᱚᱨᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ^[᱑᱘], ᱛᱮᱢᱵᱟ ᱛᱮᱥᱮᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ (ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱱᱮᱥ ᱳᱣᱟᱞᱰ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴᱤᱡ) ᱾

᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱪᱩᱲᱟᱹ, ᱘᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ^{[citation needed]}

ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱵᱤᱣᱨᱳ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ^[᱑᱙] ᱵᱩᱨᱩ/ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱚᱲᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱑,᱑᱒,᱙᱔᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ (ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 0ᱹ᱔% ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (᱑.᱔%)
ᱵᱟᱜᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (0.᱘%)
ᱜᱟᱱᱰᱚᱠᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (0ᱹ0%)
ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (0ᱹ0%)
ᱞᱩᱢᱵᱤᱱᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (0ᱹ0%)
ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (0ᱹ0%)
ᱥᱩᱫᱩᱨᱯᱟᱥᱪᱤᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (0ᱹ0%)

ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ^[᱒᱐] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (0ᱹ᱔%) ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾

ᱥᱳᱞᱩᱠᱩᱢᱵᱩ ᱾(᱑᱖.᱖)
ᱛᱚᱯᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ (᱙ᱹ᱕%)
ᱳᱠᱷᱟᱞᱫᱷᱩᱝᱜᱚ (᱗ᱹ0%)
ᱥᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱵᱟᱥᱚᱵ (᱕ᱹ᱘%)
ᱫᱳᱞᱠᱷᱟ (᱔ᱹ᱘%)
ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩᱯᱟᱞᱪᱳᱠ (᱒ᱹ᱖%)
ᱨᱟᱢᱮᱪᱚᱯ ᱾(᱒ᱹ0%)
ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨ (᱑ᱹ᱗%)
ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱢᱟᱱᱫᱩ (᱑.᱓%)
ᱤᱞᱟᱢ (᱑ᱹ᱒%)
ᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨᱟᱛᱷᱩᱢ (᱑ᱹ᱑%)
ᱢᱩᱥᱴᱟᱝ (0.᱘%)
ᱠᱷᱳᱛᱟᱝ (0.᱗%)
ᱫᱚᱝᱠᱩᱴᱟ (0ᱹ᱕%)

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ POPULATION MONOGRAPH OF NEPAL VOLUME II (Social Demography). Government of Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics. 2014. pp. 10–156. ISBN 978-9937-2-8972-6. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
↑ "Rai-Peoplegrouporg".
↑ "Gurung Ghaleg in Bhutan".www.joshuaproject.net
↑ "People of Nepal | Plan Your Trip". ntb.gov.np (in ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2023-03-13.
↑ "Journée d'étude : Déserts. Y a-t-il des corrélations entre l'écosystème et le changement linguistique ?". Lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
↑ Bhandari, Sushil (2015). "Genetic evidence of a recent Tibetan ancestry to Sherpas in the Himalayan region". Scientific Reports. 5: 16249. Bibcode:2015NatSR...516249B. doi:10.1038/srep16249. PMC 4633682. PMID 26538459. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (help)
↑ "G20 meet: What role does the Sherpa play in the negotiations?". The Indian Express (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2016-09-06. Retrieved 2018-10-07.
↑ Kamler, K. (2004).
↑ Riley, Mark (20 November 2012). "Sagarmatha National Park". Indigenous Religious Traditions. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
↑ Riley, Mark (20 November 2012). "Sagarmatha National Park". Indigenous Religious Traditions. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
↑ Riley, Mark (20 November 2012). "Sagarmatha National Park". Indigenous Religious Traditions. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
↑ Sivinski, Jake (1 October 2015). "Conservation For Whom?: The Struggle for Indigenous Rights in Sagarmatha National Park". Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection.
↑ Sivinski, Jake (1 October 2015). "Conservation For Whom?: The Struggle for Indigenous Rights in Sagarmatha National Park". Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection.
↑ PBS, NOVA, First to Summit, Updated November 2000.
↑ Everest not as tall as thought Agençe France-Presse (on abc.net.au), 10 October 2005
↑ Christchurch City Libraries, Famous New Zealanders.
↑ "1953: First Footsteps – Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 2014-08-01.
↑ "Temba Tsheri Sherpa". www.sherpakhangri.com (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2020-12-27.
↑ Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II
↑ "2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.

[1] POPULATION MONOGRAPH OF NEPAL VOLUME II (Social Demography). Government of Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics. 2014. pp. 10–156. ISBN 978-9937-2-8972-6. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2019.

[2] "Rai-Peoplegrouporg".

[3] "Gurung Ghaleg in Bhutan".www.joshuaproject.net

[4] "People of Nepal | Plan Your Trip". ntb.gov.np (in ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2023-03-13.

[5] "Journée d'étude : Déserts. Y a-t-il des corrélations entre l'écosystème et le changement linguistique ?". Lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012.

[Bhandari_2015-6] Bhandari, Sushil (2015). "Genetic evidence of a recent Tibetan ancestry to Sherpas in the Himalayan region". Scientific Reports. 5: 16249. Bibcode:2015NatSR...516249B. doi:10.1038/srep16249. PMC 4633682. PMID 26538459. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (help)

[7] "G20 meet: What role does the Sherpa play in the negotiations?". The Indian Express (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2016-09-06. Retrieved 2018-10-07.

[8] Kamler, K. (2004).

[9] Riley, Mark (20 November 2012). "Sagarmatha National Park". Indigenous Religious Traditions. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2024.

[10] Riley, Mark (20 November 2012). "Sagarmatha National Park". Indigenous Religious Traditions. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2024.

[11] Riley, Mark (20 November 2012). "Sagarmatha National Park". Indigenous Religious Traditions. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2024.

[12] Sivinski, Jake (1 October 2015). "Conservation For Whom?: The Struggle for Indigenous Rights in Sagarmatha National Park". Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection.

[13] Sivinski, Jake (1 October 2015). "Conservation For Whom?: The Struggle for Indigenous Rights in Sagarmatha National Park". Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection.

[pbsnova-14] PBS, NOVA, First to Summit, Updated November 2000.

[15] Everest not as tall as thought Agençe France-Presse (on abc.net.au), 10 October 2005

[Christchurch-16] Christchurch City Libraries, Famous New Zealanders.

[adventure-17] "1953: First Footsteps – Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 2014-08-01.

[18] "Temba Tsheri Sherpa". www.sherpakhangri.com (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2020-12-27.

[19] Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II

[20] "2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.

[᱑]

[᱒]

[᱓]

[᱔]

[᱕]

[᱖]

[᱗]

[᱘]

[᱙]

[᱑᱐]

[᱑᱑]

[᱑᱒]

[᱑᱓]

[᱑᱔]

[᱑᱕]

[᱑᱖]

[᱑᱗]

[᱑᱘]

[᱑᱙]

[᱒᱐]