ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ

ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ
ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ
	Geographical distribution of Western Hindi languages
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	India, Pakistan
ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ	Braj region,; Bundelkhand region,; Haryana; Western UP
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ	Brajis, Bundelis, Haryanvis
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ	approx. 272 million in India and Pakistan
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Central Indo-Aryan ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ; ; ; ;
	Sauraseni Prakrit
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ
ISO 639-3	Variously:; bra – Braj Bhasa; hin – Hindi; urd – Urdu; bns – Bundeli; bgc – Haryanvi; bjj – Kannauji
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ	west2812

ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱱᱰᱮᱞᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱨᱟᱥᱮᱱᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑]

ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ

ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ (ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ), ᱵᱩᱱᱫᱮᱞᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ, ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱡᱤᱨ (ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ) ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ (ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱵᱮᱞᱴ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱝᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱜᱚᱫᱷᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱲ

ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱽ (᱑.᱖ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ), ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱤ (᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ), ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱰ, ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱩᱱᱰᱮᱞᱤ (᱓ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ), ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮᱼᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱡᱤ (᱙.᱕ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ), ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ (᱒᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ), ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱫ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Zograph, G.A. (8 March 2023). Languages of South Asia: A guide. ISBN 9781000831658. Numerically, the content of the Central Group of the Indo-Aryan languages has been very variously assessed by different researchers: Chatterji sees in it one language while Grierson enumerated six. Strictly speaking, the core of this group is represented not by languages at all, but by a number of closely related dialects-Braj, Kanauji and Bundell, which together with Khari Boli and Hariani, can be lumped under the common title 'Western Hindi'. The last-mentioned two dialects which occupy the north-western corner of the area covered by Hindi, display a number of common features with Panjabi, which in its turn can be seen as a transitional link with the most typical representative of the North Western group – Lahnda.
Closely connected with the dialects of the 'Western Hindi' group are Awadhi, Bagheli and Chattisgarhi, which come under the heading of 'Eastern Hindi'. Linguistically, these can be regarded as a transitional stage between the Central [= Western Hindi] and the Eastern groups of languages [= Eastern Indo-Aryan]. The 'intermediate' character of this group of dialects seems to have taken shape as far back as the Old Indo-Aryan period. The Middle Indo-Aryan forerunner of the contemporary Eastern Hindi dialects was the Ardhamagadhi Prakrit, which was a transitional form between Sauraseni and Magadhi; the present-day Central dialects go back to Sauraseni, while the languages of the Eastern group derive from Magadhi
↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Western Hindi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)

[1] Zograph, G.A. (8 March 2023). Languages of South Asia: A guide. ISBN 9781000831658. Numerically, the content of the Central Group of the Indo-Aryan languages has been very variously assessed by different researchers: Chatterji sees in it one language while Grierson enumerated six. Strictly speaking, the core of this group is represented not by languages at all, but by a number of closely related dialects-Braj, Kanauji and Bundell, which together with Khari Boli and Hariani, can be lumped under the common title 'Western Hindi'. The last-mentioned two dialects which occupy the north-western corner of the area covered by Hindi, display a number of common features with Panjabi, which in its turn can be seen as a transitional link with the most typical representative of the North Western group – Lahnda.
Closely connected with the dialects of the 'Western Hindi' group are Awadhi, Bagheli and Chattisgarhi, which come under the heading of 'Eastern Hindi'. Linguistically, these can be regarded as a transitional stage between the Central [= Western Hindi] and the Eastern groups of languages [= Eastern Indo-Aryan]. The 'intermediate' character of this group of dialects seems to have taken shape as far back as the Old Indo-Aryan period. The Middle Indo-Aryan forerunner of the contemporary Eastern Hindi dialects was the Ardhamagadhi Prakrit, which was a transitional form between Sauraseni and Magadhi; the present-day Central dialects go back to Sauraseni, while the languages of the Eastern group derive from Magadhi

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Western Hindi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)

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