ᱰᱳᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱰᱳᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱞ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱵᱟᱭᱡᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ, ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ, ᱤᱨᱟᱱ, ᱤᱨᱟᱠ, ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱡᱚᱨᱰᱟᱱ, ᱤᱜᱽᱯᱟᱛ, ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ, ᱞᱤᱵᱤᱭᱟ, ᱛᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱞᱡᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱨᱚᱠᱳ, ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱱᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱳᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱳᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱳᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱢᱰᱟᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱵᱼᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
Domari | |
---|---|
Dōmʋārī, Dōmʋārī ǧib, Dômarî ĵib, דּוֹמָרִי ,دٛومَرِي | |
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | Azerbaijan, Mauritania, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Palestine, Syria, Turkey, Jordan, Sudan, and perhaps neighboring countries[᱑] |
ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | Middle East and North Africa, Caucasus, Central Asia |
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ | Dom |
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ | Expression error: ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱚᱜᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ "᱒".[᱒] |
Dialects |
|
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ | Latin, Arabic, Hebrew |
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | |
ISO 639-3 | rmt |
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | doma1258 [᱔] |
Domari is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |
ᱰᱳᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ "Middle Eastern Romani", "Tsigene", "Luti", ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ "Mehtar" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱭᱟᱨᱳᱱ ᱢᱟᱛᱨᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱭᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ (Matras 2012) ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱰᱳᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱰᱳᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ "ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱯᱥᱤ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮ ᱡᱮᱨᱩᱥᱟᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱳᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ R.A. S. ᱑᱙᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱚᱞᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱰᱳᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱨᱩᱥᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱰᱳᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾
ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱚᱯᱷᱟᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱰᱳᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ "ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱵᱼᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ) ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱳᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ Matras ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ:
ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | ɪ iː | ʊ uː | |
Mid | ɛ eː | ə ~ [ʌ] ~ [ɜ] | ɔ oː |
Low | ɑ aː |
᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱤᱱᱵᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ (Matras 1999) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | phar. | ||||||||||
Stop | voiceless | p | t̪ | t̪ˤ | k | q | ʔ | ||||
voiced | b | d̪ | d̪ˤ | g | [ɢ] | ||||||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡ʃ | |||||||||
voiced | d͡ʒ | ||||||||||
Fricative | voiceless | [ɸ] | f | s̪ | s̪ˤ | ʃ | x | [χ] | ħ | h | |
voiced | [β] | v | z̪ | z̪ˤ | ʒ | ɣ | [ʁ] | ʕ | |||
Nasal | m | n̪ | [ŋ] | ||||||||
Approximant | [ʋ] | l̪ | j | w | |||||||
Flap | ɾ |
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱤᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱ) ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [p], [g], [tʃ] ᱟᱨ [h] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ-ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ Alveopalatal ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [tʃ] ᱟᱨ [dʒ] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- ↑ Matras (2012)
- ↑ Domari at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
- ↑ Herin, Bruno (2016). "Elements of Domari Dialectology". Mediterranean Language Review. 23: 33–73. doi:10.13173/medilangrevi.23.2016.0033. ISSN 0724-7567.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Domari". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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