ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ

ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ
	1860 ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ "ᱴᱤᱵᱮᱴᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱩᱞᱤᱴ" ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ
	60,300 (2001)
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱚ
ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ	41,889
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ	10,087
ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ	6000
ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ	4293
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ
	ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ, ᱡᱳᱝᱠᱷᱟ, ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ
ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
	ᱵᱳᱱ, ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ
	ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ

ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ (བོད་རིགས; ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢᱤᱥ: Drenjongpa/Drenjop; ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ: འབྲས་ལྗོངས་པ་, ᱩᱭᱞᱤ: Bras-ljongs-pa; "ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ") ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱨᱮᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱐,᱓᱐᱐ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ

ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢᱤᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ<unk> 75%<unk> ᱛᱤᱵᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱳᱝᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱾ </unk></unk>ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱭᱝᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱤᱵᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱜᱤᱭᱩ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

᱘ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱜᱮᱰ ᱵᱳᱢ ᱥᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱢᱟ, ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱰ ᱦᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱦᱮᱴ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱖᱐᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱴᱩᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ᱾ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞᱩᱜ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱰ ᱦᱮᱴ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱰ ᱦᱮᱴᱤ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ, ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱰ ᱦᱮᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ (ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ 'ᱞᱟ' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ 'ᱵᱩᱨᱩ') ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱪᱮᱱᱯᱟᱥ ᱥᱮ ᱞᱟᱪᱩᱱᱯᱟᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱪᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ (ᱴᱤᱵᱮᱴᱟᱱ "ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱥ" "ᱥᱮ ᱞᱟᱪᱚᱝ" ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥ "") ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱫᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱡᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱴ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱚᱱᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱳᱜᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱼ ᱑᱙᱗᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱡᱩᱛᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ, ᱞᱟᱪᱮᱱᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱪᱩᱱᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ "ᱡᱩᱢᱥᱟ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ᱾ ᱯᱤᱯᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱛᱳ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱢᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱪᱟᱭᱮᱛ ᱳᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱤᱯᱚᱱ, ᱯᱟᱱᱪᱟᱭᱮᱛ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ

ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ

ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱳ (ᱛᱵᱚᱛᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱪᱩᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱤᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱢᱮᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱢᱲᱤ ᱥᱳᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱞᱠ/ᱠᱩᱛᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱞᱴ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱴᱨᱚᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱳᱯᱨᱳᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱞᱠ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱳᱣᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱱᱡᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱹᱞᱴ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱢᱲᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱳᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱳᱞᱤ ᱠᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱤᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱚᱴ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛ ᱡᱮᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱝᱰᱮᱱ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮᱨᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱴᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱢᱚᱥᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱭᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱒᱔ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱴ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ

ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱨᱤᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱼᱵᱚᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣᱼᱟ᱾ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱥᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

᱾

ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱨᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ, ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱝᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱜᱤᱭᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱥᱟᱨ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱳᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱞᱳᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱞᱳᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱨᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱳᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱳᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱯᱚᱫᱢᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱚᱵ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱩᱯᱜᱤᱭᱮᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱼᱟ᱾

ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱢᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱳᱥᱴᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱳᱨᱡᱤ ᱪᱤᱭᱳᱞᱤᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱥᱴᱨᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

^{[<span title="The material near this tag may contain information that is not relevant to the article's main topic. (June 2021)">relevant?</span>]}

ᱚᱲᱟᱜᱠᱚ

ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ "ᱠᱷᱤᱢ" ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱡᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱥᱟᱝᱵᱩᱢ" ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ "ᱥᱟᱝ" ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱟᱨ "ᱵᱩᱢ" ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱸᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱜᱳᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱳᱰᱳᱰᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱳᱯᱳᱜᱚᱱ, ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱵᱷᱟ, ᱨᱩᱫᱳᱰᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱳᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱤᱭᱩᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱜᱚᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱠᱤ ᱚᱛᱚᱢ/ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ

ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤᱼᱯᱷᱚᱴᱼᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱚᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱝᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱳᱢᱳ, ᱥᱚᱯᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱢᱯᱞᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱛᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱠᱯᱟ, ᱱᱩᱰᱚᱞᱥ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱞᱳᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱩᱥᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱳᱣᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱗᱐ ^[᱓] ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱯᱷᱟᱝᱜᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱪᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱧᱩᱣᱥᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱳᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱝᱵᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱱᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜᱫᱩᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ

ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ, ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ^[᱔] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱰᱮᱱᱡᱟᱝᱼᱱᱮᱦᱼᱱᱟ, ᱛᱼᱥᱤᱼᱭᱟᱝᱼᱠᱩ, ᱛᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱫᱳ, ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱼᱪᱤᱱᱞᱟᱯ, ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱤ ᱪᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱭᱟᱠ ᱪᱟᱢ᱾

ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱤᱭᱳ, ᱭᱮᱝᱡᱮᱭ, ᱴᱟᱢᱟᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱟᱨᱠᱟ᱾ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Verify spelling.^[᱔]

ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ

ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ^[᱕] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ^[᱖] ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ, ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱢᱛᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱡᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱠᱚ

ᱵᱳᱭᱪᱚᱝ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱼ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱾
ᱠᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱰᱩᱯ ᱫᱳᱨᱡᱤ ᱑᱙᱗᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱙ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱾
ᱯᱮᱢ ᱫᱳᱨᱡᱤ ᱼ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱾
ᱜᱟᱱᱡᱩ ᱞᱟᱢᱟᱼ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱚᱥ ᱧᱟᱢᱤᱡ ᱾
ᱱᱳᱨᱰᱮᱱ ᱴᱮᱱᱡᱤᱱᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ, ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱰᱮᱱᱤ ᱰᱮᱱᱡᱳᱝᱜᱚᱯᱟᱼᱵᱚᱞᱤᱣᱩᱰ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠ ᱾
ᱠᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱳᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱼ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱡᱩᱠᱤᱭᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱤᱝ ᱜᱤᱭᱚᱛᱥᱳ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱼ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱛᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱫᱚᱩᱯ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱫᱳᱨᱡᱤ ᱫᱟᱡᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱼ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱱᱟᱫᱚᱝ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱠᱩᱱᱡᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱼ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱼ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱼ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱛᱩᱯᱰᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱞᱚᱠᱳ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱥᱮᱨᱤᱝ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳᱼᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱾
ᱠᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱼ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳᱼᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱾
ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩᱯ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱼ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳᱼᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱾
ᱨᱤᱱᱡᱤᱝ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟᱼ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳᱼᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

ᱵᱚᱡᱽᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Scheduled tribes of India ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Scheduled tribes of West Bengal ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Hill tribes of Northeast India

↑ Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). "Sikkimese". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
↑ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011".
↑ O'Neill, Alexander (2017-03-29). "Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 13 (21): 21. doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0148-9. PMC 5372287. PMID 28356115. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (help)
↑ ^᱔.᱐ ^᱔.᱑ "Bhutia Folk Dances". Official website of Sikkim Tourism. Archived from the original on 2020-02-03. Retrieved 2020-08-03. ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; name "Folk Dances" defined multiple times with different content
↑ "State/Union Territory-wise list of Scheduled Tribes in India". Ministry of Tribal Affairs, GOI. Archived from the original on 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2015-09-19.
↑ "Now, Mamata announces a Bhutia dev board". The Statesman, Kolkata. Retrieved 2015-09-19.

[SIL-1] Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). "Sikkimese". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-16.

[2] "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011".

[3] O'Neill, Alexander (2017-03-29). "Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 13 (21): 21. doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0148-9. PMC 5372287. PMID 28356115. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (help)

[Folk_Dances-4] ᱔.᱐ ^᱔.᱑ "Bhutia Folk Dances". Official website of Sikkim Tourism. Archived from the original on 2020-02-03. Retrieved 2020-08-03. ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; name "Folk Dances" defined multiple times with different content

[5] "State/Union Territory-wise list of Scheduled Tribes in India". Ministry of Tribal Affairs, GOI. Archived from the original on 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2015-09-19.

[6] "Now, Mamata announces a Bhutia dev board". The Statesman, Kolkata. Retrieved 2015-09-19.

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