ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ
ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ | |
---|---|
ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ | |
![]() A view of Darjeeling from the Happy Valley Tea Estate. | |
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: The Queen of Hills | |
Location in West Bengal, India | |
Coordinates: 27°3′N 88°16′E / 27.050°N 88.267°ECoordinates: 27°3′N 88°16′E / 27.050°N 88.267°E | |
Country | ![]() |
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ | ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ |
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ | Darjeeling |
Settled | 1815, Treaty of Sugauli |
ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ | East India Company |
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ | |
• ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ | Municipality |
• ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ | Darjeeling Municipality |
• ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ | Pratibha Rai[᱑] |
• Vice-Chairman | Sagar Tamang |
ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ | |
• ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ | 10.57 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (4.08 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) |
ᱩᱥᱩᱞ[᱒] | 2042.16 ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (6700�00 ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) |
ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ | (2011) |
• ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ | ᱑᱓᱒,᱐᱑᱖ |
• ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ | 12000/ᱠᱤᱢᱤ2 (32000/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱤᱞ) |
Languages | |
• Official | Bengali and Nepali[᱓] |
IST (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+5:30) | |
ᱯᱤᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ | 734101 |
Telephone code | 0354 |
ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱤᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ | WB-76 WB-77 |
Lok Sabha constituency | Darjeeling |
Vidhan Sabha constituency | Darjeeling |
ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ | www |
ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱺ দার্জিলিং) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ 6,700 ft (2,042.2 m) ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱪᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱪᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱜᱷᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱳᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱮᱛ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣ ᱟᱤᱞᱟᱹᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱟᱛ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱰ ᱮᱪᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱭᱵᱨᱤᱰ ᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱚᱛᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱫ ᱟ ᱾ [᱔] ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱣᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱧᱡᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱰᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱣ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱪᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱳᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ- ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ, ᱜᱚᱨᱠᱷᱟ, ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱷᱟ, ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱟ ,ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾ [᱕] ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱞᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱝᱯᱚᱝ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱨᱠᱷᱟᱞᱟᱸᱱᱰ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱲᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ, ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ [᱖] ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- ↑ "Pratibha Rai Takes Over As Chairperson Of Darjeeling Municipal Corporation". Siliguri Times. 17 January 2018. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
- ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid
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- ↑ "Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India: 50th report (delivered to the Lokh Sabha in 2014)" (PDF). National Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 95. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
- ↑ Srivastava 2003, p. 4024.
- ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid
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- ↑ Dasgupta 1999, pp. 47–48.
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- Aftab, Aaris (2005). Are the Third World cities sustainable?. Allied Publishers. p. 201. ISBN 978-81-7764-869-0.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Dasgupta, Atis (1999). "Ethnic Problems and Movements for Autonomy in Darjeeling". Social Scientist. Social Scientist. 27 (11–12): 47–68. doi:10.2307/3518047. JSTOR 3518047.
{{cite journal}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - de Bruyn, Pippa; Bain, Keith; Venkatraman, Nilofer; Joshi, Shonar (2008). Frommer's India. Frommer's. ISBN 978-0-470-16908-7. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Gerard, John (1990). Mountain environments: an examination of the physical geography of mountains. MIT Press. p. 317. ISBN 978-0-262-07128-4.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Kenny, Judith (1995). "Climate, Race, and Imperial Authority: The Symbolic Landscape of the British Hill Station in India". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. [Association of American Geographers, Taylor & Francis, Ltd.] 85 (4): 694–714. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1995.tb01821.x. JSTOR 2564433.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - Lamb, Alastair (1986). British India and Tibet, 1766–1910 (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 353. ISBN 978-0-7102-0872-9.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Mackintosh, L.J. (2009). Birds of Darjeeling and India (2nd ed.). BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 322. ISBN 978-1-116-11396-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Negi, Sharad Singh (1992). Himalayan wildlife, habitat and conservation. Indus Publishing. p. 207. ISBN 978-81-85182-68-1.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Sarkar, S. (1999). "Landslides in Darjeeling Himalayas, India". Transactions of the Japanese Geomorphological Union. Vol. 20, no. 3. pp. 299–315. ISSN 0389-1755.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Srivastava, Suresh C. (2003). "Geographical Indications and Legal Framework in India". Economic and Political Weekly. Economic and Political Weekly. 38 (38): 4022–4033. JSTOR 4414050.
{{cite journal}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Tamang, Jyoti P.; Sarkar, Prabir K; Hesseltine, Clifford W (1988). "Traditional Fermented Foods and Beverages of Darjeeling" (PDF). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 44 (4): 375–385. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740440410. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011.
{{cite journal}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱤᱱ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- Bradnock, R; Bradnock, R (2004). Footprint India Handbook (13th ed.). Footprint Handbooks. ISBN 978-1-904777-00-7.
- Brown, Percy (1917). Tours in Sikhim and the Darjeeling District (3rd (1934) ed.). Calcutta: W. Newman & Co. p. 223. ASIN B0008B2MIY.
- Forbes, Andrew ; Henley, David (2011). China's Ancient Tea Horse Road. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B005DQV7Q2
- Kennedy, Dane (1996). Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the British Raj. University of California Press. p. 265. ISBN 978-0-520-20188-0.
- Lee, Ada (1971). The Darjeeling disaster: Triumph through sorrow: the triumph of the six Lee children. Lee Memorial Mission. ASIN B0007AUX00.
- "Newman's Guide to Darjeeling and Its Surroundings, Historical & Descriptive, with Some Account of the Manners and Customs of the Neighbouring Hill Tribes, and a Chapter on Thibet and the Thibetans". W. Newman and Co. 1900.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - Ronaldshay, The Earl of (1923). Lands of the Thunderbolt. Sikhim, Chumbi & Bhutan. London: Constable & Co. ISBN 81-206-1504-2.
- Roy, Barun (2003). Fallen Cicada - Unwritten History of Darjeeling Hills (2003 ed.). Beacon Publication. p. 223. ISBN 978-81-223-0684-2.
- Saraswati, Baidyanath (ed.) (1998). Cultural Dimension of Ecology. DK Print World Pvt. Ltd, India. ISBN 978-81-246-0102-0.
{{cite book}}
:|first=
has generic name (help) - Singh, S. (2006). Lonely Planet India (11th ed.). Lonely Planet Publications. ISBN 978-1-74059-694-7.
- Waddell, L.A. (2004). Among the Himalayas. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-8918-8.