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ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ

ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
(ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱦᱮᱡᱠᱟᱱᱟ)
ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ
ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ: ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱥᱠᱟᱭᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱵᱽᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ,
ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱩᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ,
ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱟᱞ ᱴᱟᱭᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱚᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ,
ᱟᱫᱤᱱᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱛ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱩᱣᱟ,ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱳᱪᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱤᱡᱵᱟᱨᱤ,ᱫᱤᱜᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱪᱟᱫᱩ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱯ, ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱫᱩᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱨᱥᱤᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ Happy Valley Tea Estate ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
Official logo of ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ
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ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ᱒᱖ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱕᱐
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ
  • ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ
ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ
 • ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ
 • ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱡᱚᱜᱽᱫᱤᱯ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱠᱷᱚᱲ[᱑]
 • ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤᱢᱚᱢᱚᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱡᱤ (AITC)
 • LegislatureLegislative Assembly (295)
 • ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱴᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱴ
 • Chief JusticeThottathil B. Radhakrishnan
ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ
 • ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ88752 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (34267 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)
ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱸᱠ᱑᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ
ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ(᱒᱐᱑᱑)[᱒]
 • ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ᱙᱑,᱓᱔᱗,᱗᱓᱖
 • ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱞ4th
 • ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ1029/ᱠᱤᱢᱤ2 (2670/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱤᱞ)
Demonym(s)ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ
GDP (2017–18)[᱓]
 • Total
 • Per capitaIndian Rupee ₹᱙᱕,᱕᱖᱒ (US$᱑,᱓᱒᱙.᱗᱑)
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
 • ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ
 • ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ (ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱚᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ)[᱕]
(ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱵᱞᱚᱠ), ᱢᱚᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ)
IST (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+᱐᱕:᱓᱐)
ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ ᱓᱑᱖᱖ ᱠᱳᱰIN-WB
ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱤᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤWB
HDI (2017)increase 0.637 (medium) · 21st[᱙]
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)᱗᱗.᱐᱘%[᱑᱐]
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)᱙᱕᱐ ♀/᱑᱐᱐ ♂[᱑᱑]
ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ[http:// ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ]
^* 294 elected, 1 nominated

ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ ᱙ ᱠᱚᱴᱤ ᱑᱓ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱘᱘,᱗᱔᱒ ᱠᱤᱢᱤ (᱓᱔,᱒᱖᱗ ᱢᱟ) ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ, ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ, ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ, ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱞᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱤᱯ, ᱨᱟᱲ ᱚᱱᱪᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ (BCE) ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱩᱯᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ[᱑᱒] ᱾ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱮ (ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱝᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ West Bengal (ᱳᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡᱽ Paschimbanga (ᱯᱚᱥᱪᱤᱢᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱓]

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱝᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱣᱲᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱑᱔] ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱠᱟᱵᱽᱭᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱑᱕] ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱫᱤᱠ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ, ᱨᱟᱲ, ᱯᱩᱱᱰᱨᱚᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱦᱢᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ᱾ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱨᱤᱥᱴᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟᱨᱤᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾[᱑᱖] ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤ (ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱩᱯᱫᱤᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱢᱟᱛᱨᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱑᱗] ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭ (c. ᱕᱔᱓ – c. ᱕᱐᱕ BCE), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ, ᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ (ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ) ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾[᱑᱘] ᱢᱚᱜᱚᱫᱷ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱨᱤᱥᱴᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱨ, ᱡᱚᱭᱱᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱣᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ, ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱑᱙] ᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱨᱤᱥᱴᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱩᱪᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ CE ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱢᱚᱜᱚᱫᱷ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱯᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱜᱩᱯᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ—ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱛᱚᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱣᱲᱚ—ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱝᱠᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ᱾[᱒᱐] ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱟᱯᱷᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱵᱚᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱡᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱤᱫᱽ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱟᱛ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱓᱕᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱟᱛ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱑᱕᱗᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱗᱐᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱽᱥᱟᱦ ᱚᱣᱨᱚᱝᱜᱚᱡᱮᱵᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱵᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ-ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱗᱖᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱠᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

᱑᱗᱗᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱑᱑ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱥᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ)᱾

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ (ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱕᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱪᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱕᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱚᱱᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱒᱘ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱗.᱕᱔ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱟᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱑-᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱓.᱘᱔ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱟᱨᱟ; ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱗.᱖᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱾

ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱟᱨ ᱗᱖.᱒᱖ %,ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱰ (Average) ᱗᱔.᱐᱔ % ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱑-᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱰ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱖᱓.᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱰ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱖᱑.᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱗᱐ % ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱑-᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱓᱑.᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱟᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ
ᱴᱤᱯᱩᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱫ
St Paul's Cathedral

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)[᱒᱒]

  ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ (86.22%)
  ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ (6.96%)
  ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ (2.66%)
  ᱩᱨᱫᱩ (1.82%)
  ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ (1.27%)
  ᱮᱴᱟᱜ (1.07%)

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱑,᱓᱔᱗,᱗᱓᱖ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱗.᱕ %) ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱵᱟᱠᱩᱲᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱟᱨᱟᱢ, ᱒᱔ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ, ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
  1. ↑ PTI (20 July 2019). "Centre appoints four new Governors, Jagdeep Dhankar now in charge of West Bengal". The Hindu (in Indian English). Retrieved 20 July 2019.
  2. ↑ "Area, population, decennial growth rate and density for 2001 and 2011 at a glance for West Bengal and the districts: provisional population totals paper 1 of 2011: West Bengal". Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 7 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2012. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ "MOSPI Gross State Domestic Product". Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India. 1 March 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  4. ↑ "Fact and Figures". www.wb.gov.in. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  5. ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nclmanurep2010
  6. ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Hindu
  7. ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Indiatoday:1
  8. ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Telegraph:1
  9. ↑ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database". Global Data Lab (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Institute for Management Research, Radboud University. Archived from the original on 23 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2018. Retrieved 25 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ "Sex ratio, 0–6 age population, literates and literacy rate by sex for 2001 and 2011 at a glance for West Bengal and the districts: provisional population totals paper 1 of 2011: West Bengal". Government of India:Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 7 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2012. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ "Sex Ratio in West Bengal". Census of India 2011. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ "Bangldesh: early history, 1000 B.C.–A.D. 1202". Bangladesh: A country study. 1988. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |অবস্থান= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |উক্তি= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |প্রকাশক= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |সংগ্রহের-তারিখ= ignored (help)
  13. ↑ "West Bengal may be renamed PaschimBanga". The Hindu. 19 August 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |অবস্থান= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |সংগ্রহের-তারিখ= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ "20,000-yr-old stone tools found in Bengal". The Times of India. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
  15. ↑ Barry, O'Brien (1848). The Bengal Obituary. London: W. Thacker & Co. p. 4.
  16. ↑ McCrindle, J.W. (1926). Megaesthenes and Arrian. Calcutta: Chuckervertty, Chatterjee & Co.
  17. ↑ Prasad, Prakash Charan (1977). Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. p. 176. ISBN 978-81-7017-053-2.
  18. ↑ "The Coming of Vijaya". Mahavamsa. Lakdiva.org. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
  19. ↑ Keay, John (2000). India: A History. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 166–193. ISBN 978-0-00-255717-7.
  20. ↑ Majumdar, R.C. (1971). History of Ancient Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bharadwaj & Co. pp. 56–58.
  21. ↑ "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in.
  22. ↑ "Language – India, States and Union Territories" (PDF). Census of India 2011. Office of the Registrar General. pp. 13–14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.

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