ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ, Róng
ᰕᰫ་ᰊᰪᰰ་ᰆᰧᰶ ᰛᰩᰵ་ᰀᰪᰱ ᰛᰪᰮ་ᰀᰪᰱ
	ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ
ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
	᱘᱐,᱓᱑᱖ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)
ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ (ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ, ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ	᱗᱖,᱘᱗᱑ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ)
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ (ᱤᱞᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱷᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱯᱞᱮᱡᱩᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ)	᱓,᱔᱔᱕ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ)
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
	ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ, ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢᱤᱥ (ᱰᱨᱚᱝᱡᱚᱝᱠ), ᱡᱚᱝᱠᱷᱟ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ
ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
	ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ (ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ), ᱢᱩᱱ, ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ
ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ
	ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱤᱭᱟ, ᱞᱤᱢᱵᱩ, ᱞᱦᱳᱯ

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱟᱢ‌ ᱵᱟᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ, ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ, ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱢ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱾(/ˈléptʃə/′ ^[᱕] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱝᱠᱚᱯ (Lepcha:9′ ′ ′), ᱢᱩᱴᱩᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱝᱠᱩᱯ ᱨᱩᱢᱠᱩᱯ, "ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ" ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱟ (ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢᱮᱥ) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ 80,000 ᱾ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱᱼᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ, ᱰᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱱ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱡᱟᱝᱢᱩ, ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱢᱥᱟᱝᱢᱩ, ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱞᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱢᱤᱞᱟᱢᱢᱩ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱩᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱩ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ "ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" ᱥᱮ "ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝᱼᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱩᱭᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱣᱟ ᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱜᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱮ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱛ ᱴᱵᱚᱛᱤᱴᱳᱼᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱨᱚᱲᱟᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱱᱟᱥᱫᱷᱩ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱟ ᱾ ᱣᱟ ᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱟᱫᱚᱢᱷᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱠᱚᱧᱮᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ,ᱟᱡᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱵᱚ ᱢᱳᱝᱜᱳᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱟᱥᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱟᱱᱟᱜᱱᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱥᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱞᱟᱹᱭᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ,ᱷᱟᱛᱚᱭᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱟᱡᱟᱯ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱥᱚ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟᱨᱳᱭᱟᱫᱤ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱰᱩᱭᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱴᱠᱳᱭ ᱨᱟᱛᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (ᱣᱟ ᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱣᱩᱭᱟᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱤᱟᱹᱭ ᱨ ᱨᱚ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱳ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱪᱮᱱᱡᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱮᱛᱚᱢᱤᱱᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱᱚᱥᱮᱫᱛᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱᱯᱱᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱣᱟ ᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱣᱟ ᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱱ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱚᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱤᱢ ᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱮᱯلᱞ ᱟ ᱟᱨᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱢ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱟᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱮᱞ ᱑ ᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱞᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟ᱗ 7%, ᱯᱟᱷᱱᱪᱷᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ<unk> 2%<unk> ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱯᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 10% ᱾ </unk></unk>^[᱖]ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱠᱮᱭ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ 15% ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱮᱱᱳ (ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱜᱚᱭᱮᱵᱩ ᱮᱪᱤᱭᱳᱠ) ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱜᱚᱭᱮᱵᱩ ᱮᱪᱤᱭᱳᱠ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ, ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱒᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱜᱚᱭᱮᱵᱷᱩ ᱮᱪᱤᱭᱳᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱜᱟᱭᱮᱵᱩ ᱮᱪᱤᱭᱳᱠ ^[᱗] ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱟᱢ (ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ^{[ᱵᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ]}^{[better source needed]}

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

᱕᱑ ᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤᱼᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱳᱫᱤᱥᱼᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱞᱤᱯᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱪᱳᱜᱽᱭᱟᱞ(ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ) ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱦᱩᱭᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱭᱩᱠᱚᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱥᱩᱞᱚᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ᱾

ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱠᱤᱱᱛᱷᱩᱯ, ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱤᱛ, ᱑᱘᱗᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ

ᱞᱮᱯᱜᱮ 5] ᱵᱳᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱷᱚ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱼᱟᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱟᱫᱚᱢᱪᱷᱩ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱼᱟᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ 4] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱩᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱚᱝ ᱞᱳ ᱨᱩᱢᱯᱷᱚᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱫᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱢ ᱤᱢ ^[᱘], ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱠ᱓᱗᱐70 ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤᱫᱟᱨᱮᱼᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱱ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱠᱚᱟ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ᱤᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞال ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞال ᱨᱮᱭᱟ᱓ ᱖᱖᱐60 ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨ᱘᱘8᱘᱐80% ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱟ᱗ ᱖᱒62% ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱠᱤᱠᱤᱢᱫ ᱰᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱚᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱤᱥᱴᱟᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱱ4]

ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱱᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟ, ᱦᱩᱲᱩ, ᱮᱞᱤᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣᱟ᱾

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱵᱤᱵᱤᱭᱳᱨᱳ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ^[᱙] ᱵᱩᱨᱩ/ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱚᱲᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ, ᱓,᱔᱔᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱗,᱖᱙᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ (᱒,᱖᱔,᱙᱔,᱕᱐᱔)᱾

ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱡᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱤᱞᱟᱢ ^[᱑᱐]

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱾
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱾
ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

↑ ORGI. "A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
↑ "National Population and Housing Census 2011" (PDF). UN Statistical Agency.
↑ Semple 2003, p. 233
↑ Joshi 2004, p. 130.
↑ "Lepcha".
↑ "Lepchas of Dzongu, Sikkim".
↑ "B'day bash for Lepcha king". Telegraph India-1. 18 December 2006.
↑ O'Neill, Alexander (29 March 2017). "Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 13 (21): 21. doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0148-9. PMC 5372287. PMID 28356115. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (help)
↑ Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II
↑ "2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-03-14. Retrieved 2024-03-01.

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). "Lepcha". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
"Lepchas and their Tradition". Official Portal of NIC Sikkim State Centre. National Informatics Centre, Sikkim. 25 January 2002. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
Gulati, Rachna (1995). "Cultural Aspects of Sikkim" (PDF). Bulletin of Tibetology. Gangtok: Namgyal Institute of Tibetology. Retrieved 24 June 2011.

"Lepcha script". Omniglot online. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Plaisier, Heleen (13 November 2010). "Information on Lepcha Language and Culture". Retrieved 16 April 2011.

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Bhutanese society ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Hill tribes of Northeast India ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Darjeeling ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Ethnic groups in Nepal

[Census_India-1] ORGI. "A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 20 November 2017.

[Census_Nepal-2] "National Population and Housing Census 2011" (PDF). UN Statistical Agency.

[Christian_Lepchas-3] Semple 2003, p. 233

[FOOTNOTEJoshi2004130-4] Joshi 2004, p. 130.

[5] "Lepcha".

[6] "Lepchas of Dzongu, Sikkim".

[Telegraph_India-1-7] "B'day bash for Lepcha king". Telegraph India-1. 18 December 2006.

[8] O'Neill, Alexander (29 March 2017). "Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 13 (21): 21. doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0148-9. PMC 5372287. PMID 28356115. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (help)

[9] Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II

[10] "2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-03-14. Retrieved 2024-03-01.

[᱑]

[᱒]

[᱓]

[᱔]

[᱕]

[᱖]

[᱗]

[᱘]

[᱙]

[᱑᱐]