ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ

ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱥᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱨᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱢᱩᱠᱛᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱱᱫᱟᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱩᱰᱨᱚᱵᱷᱥᱟ
ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱥ
Left to Right, Top to Bottom: Ahilya Ghat, Chet Singh Ghat, Kedar Ghat, Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat, Ganges River bank along Varanasi, Man offering prayers to the river Ganga, Dashashwamedh Ghat
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: The spiritual capital of India
ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
Coordinates: 25°19′08″N 83°00′46″E
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ	ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ
ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ	ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ	ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ
• ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ	ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
• ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ	ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
• ᱢᱮᱭᱟᱨ	Mridula Jaiswal (BJP)
• Divisional Commissioner	ᱫᱤᱯᱟᱠ ᱚᱜᱽᱨᱚᱜᱟᱞ, IAS
• ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱲᱚᱥ	ᱠᱚᱣᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱨᱢᱟ, IAS
• Inspector General, Varanasi Range	ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱢᱤᱱᱟ, IPS
• Senior Superintendent of Police	ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱨᱤ, IPS
ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ
• ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱥ	163.8 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (63.2 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)
ᱩᱥᱩᱞ	80.71 ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (264.80 ᱯᱷᱩᱴ)
ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ	(᱒᱐᱑᱑)
• ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱥ	᱑,᱒᱐᱑,᱘᱑᱕
• ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱞ	᱓᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ
• ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ	7300/ᱠᱤᱢᱤ2 (19000/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱤᱞ)
• ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ	᱑,᱔᱓᱒,᱒᱘᱐ (᱓᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ)
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
• ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ	ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ
• ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ	ᱩᱨᱫᱩ
• ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ	ᱵᱷᱚᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ
IST (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+᱐᱕:᱓᱐)
ᱯᱤᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ	᱒᱒᱑ ᱐᱐᱑ to** (** ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱰ)
ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ	᱐᱕᱔᱒
ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱤᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ	UP 65
GDP	$3.07 billion (2016–17)
Per capita income	INR 1,93 616
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ	᱐.᱙᱒᱖ (᱒᱐᱑᱑) ♂/♀
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)	᱘᱐.᱓᱑%
HDI	0.645
ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ	varanasi.nic.in

ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱨᱟᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱥᱤ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓᱒᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱞᱟᱦᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱑᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱗᱕ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱚᱵᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ (ᱥᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱚᱵᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱫᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱫᱮᱠᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱵᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱐.᱗᱑ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱖᱔.᱘ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱚᱨᱫᱷᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱕᱐ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱟᱨ ᱒᱑ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱗᱐ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱗᱙᱗ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱔᱙᱕ ᱢᱤᱞ), ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓᱒᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱞᱞᱟᱦᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒᱑ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱗᱕ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱖᱓ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱙ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ "ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ" ᱼ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱼᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ (sub-units) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱼ ᱑᱑᱒.᱒᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱔᱓.᱓᱔ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱫᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨᱟ, ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽᱵᱟᱜᱽ, ᱵᱚᱪᱪᱚᱱ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ, ᱵᱷᱮᱯᱯᱩᱨᱟ, ᱵᱩᱞᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ, ᱪᱮᱭᱛᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱠᱚᱣᱠᱟᱜᱷᱟᱴ, ᱪᱚᱣᱠ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱽᱟᱸᱰᱤ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱟᱝᱦ, ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, ᱜᱚᱣᱛᱟᱢ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱡᱮᱛᱯᱩᱨᱟ, ᱠᱟᱭᱞᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨ, ᱠᱷᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱛᱣᱟᱞᱤ, ᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱸᱰᱩᱣᱟᱰᱤᱦ, ᱞᱚᱠᱥᱟ, ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱥᱯᱩᱨ, ᱢᱚᱦᱢᱩᱨᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱢᱚᱞᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ, ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱣᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱭᱯᱚᱠᱷᱨᱤ, ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱷᱤᱜᱤᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱜᱚᱨᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱔,᱓᱕,᱑᱑᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱗᱖᱑,᱐᱖᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱖᱗᱔,᱐᱕᱓ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱓,᱗᱑,᱗᱔᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱗᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ, ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑,᱑᱐᱐,᱗᱔᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱘᱘᱓ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱗᱗% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓᱘,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱚᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

Citations

Bibliography

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• Betts, Vanessa; McCulloch, Victoria (27 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2013). India – The North: Forts, Palaces, the Himalaya Dream Trip. Footprint Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-907263-74-3. 
• Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark (2000). World Music: Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-636-5. 
• Corp, Real (2007). CORP 007 Proceedings. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-3-9502139-3-5. ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Sps
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ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

• Official website of Varanasi District
• State Government Tourism Website
• ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ at Curlie
• Banaras Bibliography at the Südasien-Institut, Heidelberg University

ᱛᱷᱚᱢ:ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ