ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ

ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ
ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱞᱤᱥ
Clockwise from top left: Periyar Bus Stand, Teppakulam Mariyamman tank, Vaigai River, Meenakshi Amman Temple, Madurai skyline, Thirumalai Nayakkar Palace and Madurai Corporation building
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: Athens of the East
ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ
Coordinates: 9.9°N 78.1°E / 9.9; 78.1
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ	ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ	ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ
• ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ	ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
• ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ	ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
• ᱢᱮᱭᱟᱨ	ᱵᱷᱟᱠᱟᱸᱴ
• ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱱᱚᱨ	ᱢᱨ ᱥ. ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥᱟᱱ IAS
• ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱱᱚᱨ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱥ	ᱯᱨᱮᱢ ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱟ IPS
ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ
• ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱞᱤᱥ	147.74 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (57.04 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)
ᱩᱥᱩᱞ	101 ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (331 ᱯᱷᱩᱴ)
ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ	(᱒᱐᱑᱑)
• ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱞᱤᱥ	᱑,᱐᱑᱗,᱘᱖᱕
• ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱞ	᱓
• ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ	᱑,᱔᱖᱕,᱖᱒᱕
Demonym(s)	ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭᱠᱟᱨᱟᱱ
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
• ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ	ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ
IST (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+᱐᱕:᱓᱐)
ᱯᱤᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ	᱖᱒᱕ xxx
ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ	᱐᱔᱕᱒
ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱤᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ	TN-58 (South), TN-59 (North) and TN-64(Central)
ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ	maduraicorporation.co.in

ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱭᱟ ᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱮᱭᱜᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ, ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ

ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱥᱚᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ	ᱦᱚᱲ.	±%
1951	᱓᱖᱑,᱗᱘᱑	—
1961	᱔᱒᱔,᱘᱑᱐	+17.4%
1971	᱕᱔᱙,᱑᱑᱔	+29.3%
1981	᱘᱒᱐,᱘᱙᱑	+49.5%
1991	᱙᱔᱐,᱙᱘᱙	+14.6%
2001	᱙᱒᱘,᱘᱖᱙	−1.3%
2011	᱑,᱐᱑᱗,᱘᱖᱕	+9.6%
Source: 1951 – 1981: 1991: 2001: 2011:

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱟᱦ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑,᱐᱑᱗,᱘᱖᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱙᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱙᱒᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱑᱐᱐,᱓᱒᱔, ᱕᱑,᱔᱘᱕ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱘,᱘᱓᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱖.᱒᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ .᱓᱑% ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱗᱒.᱙᱙% ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱮᱢ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱘᱑.᱙᱕% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱔,᱖᱕,᱖᱒᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ

M.G.R. Bus Stand (Mattuthavani)

Madurai Railway junction, the main railway station of Madurai

A view of Madurai Airport

ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ

ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ NH 7, NH 45B, NH 208 ᱟᱨ NH 49 ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱟᱦ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ SH-33, SH-72, SH-72A, SH-73 ᱟᱨ SH-73A ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱣᱚᱦᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ (ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ, ᱰᱤᱝᱰᱤᱜᱩᱞ, ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱜᱚᱝᱜᱚᱭ, ᱛᱷᱮᱱᱤ, ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱼᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱣᱚᱦᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱤᱰ ᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱮᱢ.ᱡᱤ.ᱟᱨ. ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱟᱯᱯᱟᱞᱟᱭᱚᱢ (ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱸᱰ (ᱤᱱᱴᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱾ ᱳᱴᱚ ᱨᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱑᱒,᱗᱕᱔ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱼᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱒᱓᱖ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱣᱚᱦᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱨᱴᱟ (Support) ᱾

ᱨᱮᱞ

ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱵᱩᱸᱠᱤᱝ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱚ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱱ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱩᱯ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

• "36 cities that will shape India's future". Rediff. Retrieved 22 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai". Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai. Archived from the original on 11 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2012. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "AIADMK revives Chennai Monorail Project – southindia – Chennai – ibnlive". IBNLive. 6 ᱡᱩᱱ 2011. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Airports Authority of India – Madurai Airport". Airports Authority of India. 2012. Archived from the original on 18 ᱢᱮ 2013. Retrieved 22 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Airports Authority of India – Madurai Airport". Aai.aero. 4 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. Archived from the original on 29 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2012. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2012. 
• Mahadevan, Iravatham. "Akam and Pur\am : 'Address' Signs of the Indus Script" (PDF). The Hindu. p. 4. Retrieved 23 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2014. 
• "All India Radio Stations". Prasar Bharti. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "ASI just found a 2500 year old city". The Times of India. 13 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2015. Retrieved 13 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2015. 
• "A site of human settlements turned into a coconut grove". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2015. 
• "Archealogical excavation uncovers Roman Pandyan trade links". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2015. 
• "An industry that can bolster the economy of Madurai". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 25 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2007. Retrieved 24 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2009. 
• "Catholic Diocese of Madurai". Archdiocese of Madurai. 2011. Retrieved 15 ᱡᱩᱱ 2008. 
• "Catholic hierarchy". Retrieved 21 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Celebrating a milestone". The Hindu. India. 9 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2009. Archived from the original on 10 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012. Retrieved 21 ᱢᱮ 2011. 
• "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2014. 
• "Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Madurai". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Archived from the original on 24 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2015. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2014. 
• "Cities having 1 lakh population – Census 2011". Directorate of census operations – Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original (XLS) on 31 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2012. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Climatology of Madurai". Indian Meteorological Department. 2011. Retrieved 11 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2015. 
• "Climate - Record highs and lows of Madurai" (PDF). Indian Meteorological Department. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2014. Retrieved 11 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2015. 
• "Commissionerate of Municipal Administration". Commissionerate of Municipal Administration. Archived from the original on 6 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Crimes in cities of Tamil Nadu" (PDF). Tamil Nadu police. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Deccan Chronicle – About us". Deccan Chronicle. 2013. Retrieved 29 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Deeds of a great social reformer remembered". The Hindu. 26 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2011. Retrieved 30 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Demonstration of DTH technology". The Hindu. India. 19 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2004. Retrieved 21 ᱢᱮ 2011. 
• "Wake-up call for Madurai's sleepless". The Hindu. Madurai. 3 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2013. Retrieved 7 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2013. 
• "Department of Agriculture". Madurai Corporation. Archived from the original on 3 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012. Retrieved 30 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Dinakaran Madurai". Dinakaran. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Dinamalar e-paper Madurai". Dinamalar. Archived from the original on 3 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2012. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Dinathanthi e-paper Madurai". Dinathanthi. Archived from the original on 2 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2012. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "ELCOT website". Retrieved 24 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2008. 
• "ELCOT, Madurai". Madurai Corporation. Electronic Corporation of Tamil Nadu Ltd. Retrieved 22 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Fatima College". Fatima College. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai". Bombay Sarvodaya Mandal / Gandhi Book Centre. Retrieved 22 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Gandhi relics should be a medium to spread the message: Gandhi Museum director". Tha Indian. 5 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2009. Retrieved 8 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2009. 
• "Genealogy of Prophet Mohammad". Maqbara.com. Retrieved 1 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2014. 
• "HC orders disbursal of salaries to American College staff". The Times of India. Madurai. 1 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2011. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• The Hindu, The (16 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2011). "Hospitals gear up for medical tourism". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2013. 
• "IAF recruitment rally to be held in Madurai on 22 July". The Times of India. Madurai. 22 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Important Address" (PDF). Indian Wind Power Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012. Retrieved 18 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2011. 
• "Industries in Madurai". National Informatics Centre, Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 23 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2012. Retrieved 30 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "International Air freight movement" (PDF). Airports Authority of India. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 ᱢᱮ 2013. Retrieved 22 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "International Air traffic movement" (PDF). Airports Authority of India. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 ᱢᱮ 2013. Retrieved 22 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission" (PDF). India: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2012. Retrieved 21 ᱢᱮ 2011. 
• "Kabaddi tournament to be held in Madurai". The Hindu. Madurai. 1 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2010. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Kamat Research Database, Biography: N.M.R.Subbaraman". Kamat Research Database. Retrieved 30 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 1957 to the Second Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 17. Retrieved 16 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 1962 to the Third Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 49. Retrieved 16 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 67. Retrieved 16 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 71. Retrieved 16 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 80. Retrieved 16 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 79. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2014. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 73. Retrieved 16 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 81. Retrieved 16 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 51. Retrieved 16 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 86. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 85. Retrieved 16 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 85. Retrieved 16 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 94. Retrieved 16 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "List of cities where BSNL broadband service is available (As on 01.01.2007)" (PDF). Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2007. Retrieved 20 ᱢᱮ 2011. 
• "List of cities where Calling Line Identification (CLI) Based Internet Service is available". Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited. Archived from the original on 8 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2012. Retrieved 19 ᱢᱮ 2011. 
• "List of Colleges affiliated to Madurai Kamarajar University". Madurai Kamarajar University. Archived from the original on 1 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2012. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "List of Colleges in Madurai". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 11 ᱢᱮ 2012. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "List of Dealers in Tamil Nadu". DD News. Archived from the original on 22 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012. Retrieved 21 ᱢᱮ 2011. 
• "List of Members Constituency name wise". Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Archived from the original on 6 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2013. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2008. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Madras High Court". Madras High Court. 24 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2004. Archived from the original on 23 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2009. Retrieved 23 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2009. 
• "Madurai airport all set to get international flights". The Times of India. 9 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2011. 
• "Madurai Airport's History". Retrieved 4 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2015. 
• "Madurai Airport". Archived from the original on 13 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2015. Retrieved 4 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2015. 
• "Madurai – List of Police Stations". Tamil Nadu Police. Archived from the original on 11 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2011. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Madurai Airport". Chennai, India: Airport Authority of India. 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. Archived from the original on 29 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2012. 
• "Madurai City Police district". Tamil Nadu Police. Archived from the original on 11 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2011. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Madurai Corporation – Bus stand". Madurai Corporation. Archived from the original on 8 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2008. Retrieved 22 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Madurai Corporation – citizen charter". Madurai Corporation. Archived from the original on 29 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012. Retrieved 22 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Madurai Corporation – General information". Madurai Corporation. Archived from the original on 26 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2008. Retrieved 22 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Madurai Corporation bags three national awards". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 9 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2008. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Madurai District Police". Tamil Nadu police. Archived from the original on 26 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2012. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Madurai Kamarajar University". Madurai Kamarajar University. Archived from the original on 1 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2012. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Malaimalar Madurai". Malaimalar. Archived from the original on 15 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Map showing the new assembly constituencies" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Madurai, India". Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. Retrieved 15 ᱡᱩᱱ 2008. 
• "Meenakshi Temple, India". 7wonders. Retrieved 6 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Members of Lok Sabha from Tamil Nadu". Government of Tamil Nadu. 2014. Retrieved 26 ᱢᱮ 2014. 
• "Muslims in Madurai threaten to boycott polls". Deccan Chronicle. Madurai. 25 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2011. Retrieved 29 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "National Highways passing through Madurai" (PDF). National Highways Authority of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2009. Retrieved 17 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "New Commissioner for Corporation". Madurai Today. 2012. Archived from the original on 19 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2012. Retrieved 30 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Notification No. 308/2009/EPS" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2011. 
• "Primary Census Abstract – Census 2001". Directorate of census operations – Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 17 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2011. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Primary Census data – religion". Directorate of census operations – Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 5 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2012. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Provincial Directory: Madurai-Ramnad". Anglician Communion. 2011. Retrieved 15 ᱡᱩᱱ 2008. 
• "New Terminal at Madurai airport inaugurated". Retrieved 4 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2015. 
• "New Deputy Mayor elected". The Hindu. 19 ᱢᱮ 2014. Retrieved 8 ᱡᱩᱱ 2014. 
• "Radio Mirchi Madurai". Radio Mirchi. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Rajaji Park to be spruced up at a cost of Rs. 10 lakhs". The Hindu. Madurai. 15 ᱢᱮ 2005. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Rajan Chellappa is Mayor". The Hindu. 22 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2011. Retrieved 30 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Region's earliest interface with Islam was here". The Times of India. TNN. 27 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2014. 
• "Regional passport office". Madurai passport office. Retrieved 28 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Regional Transport Office – Registered commercial vehicles in Tamil Nadu" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. 2012. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Rs. 2.2 crores for MGR Race Course Stadium". The Hindu. Madurai. 29 ᱢᱮ 2004. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Schools in Madurai". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 24 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2012. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Southern Railway Madurai division". Southern Railway (India). Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Special postage stamp on freedom fighters and social reformers". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 
• "SpiceJet to start Madurai-Colombo service". The Hindu. 29 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. Retrieved 30 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Strike hits cable TV services". The Hindu. India. 24 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2007. Retrieved 11 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2011. 
• "Suryan FM Madurai". Suriyan FM Madurai. Archived from the original on 2 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2012. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Tamil Nādu – City Population – Cities, Towns & Provinces – Statistics & Map". Thomas Brinkhoff. 2011. Retrieved 23 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2009. 
• "Tamil Nadu / Madurai News: Efforts on to get mega hospital for Madurai". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 23 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2007. Retrieved 18 ᱡᱩᱱ 2010. 
• "Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (Madurai) Limited". Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (Madurai) Limited. 2011. Retrieved 22 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Temperature is on an increasing trend in Madurai during summer". The Hindu. 21 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2010. Retrieved 30 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "The Hindu Madurai". The Hindu. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "The Indian Express Publications". The Indian Express Group. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "The Lady Doak College". Lady Doak College. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "The Madura College". The Madura College. Archived from the original on 24 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2012. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University – Affiliated Government law colleges". Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University. Archived from the original on 4 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2012. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "The Times of India Madurai". The Times of India. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "TN Govt GO #220" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 21 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Tourism in Madurai". Madurai, India: National Informatics Centre, Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 22 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2012. Retrieved 30 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Tourism works around temple to be over by March". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 5 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2007. Retrieved 24 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2009. 
• "Tourist places in Madurai". Madurai, India: Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation. Retrieved 30 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Train Running Information". Indian Railways. Retrieved 15 ᱡᱩᱱ 2008. 
• "Traffic Statistics-Domestic and International Passengers". AAI. Archived from the original (jsp) on 12 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2015. Retrieved 31 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2014. 
• "UAs having 1 million population – Census 2011". Directorate of census operations – Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original (XLS) on 5 ᱢᱮ 2015. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Agglomerations & Cities". Thomas Brinkhoff. Retrieved 9 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2013. 
• "Water Supply Details" (PDF). Corporation of Madurai. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 ᱢᱮ 2015. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• "Water year – District ground water brochure, Madurai district" (PDF). Ministry of water resources, Government of India. 2007. Retrieved 22 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2012. 
• "Welcome to Madurai – Festivals". National Informatics Centre, Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 21 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2011. Retrieved 18 ᱡᱩᱱ 2010. 
• "Work on provision of infrastructure begins in Information Technology parks". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 7 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2008. Retrieved 24 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2008. 
• "Council accepts Mayor's resignation". The Hindu. 15 ᱢᱮ 2016. Retrieved 15 ᱢᱮ 2016. 
• Abram, David; Edwards, Nick; Ford, Mike; Jacobs, Daniel; Meghji, Shafik; Sen, Devdan; Thomas, Gavin (2011). The Rough guide to India. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84836-563-6. 
• Agarwal, S. K. (2008). Towards Improving Governance. Academic Foundation. p. 17. ISBN 978-81-7188-666-1. 
• Annamalai, S. (1 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2006). "Madurai soil for Cleveland". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 24 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2009. 
• Annesley, James (1841). "Climate of Madura". Researches into the causes, nature, and treatment of the more prevalent diseases of India. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. 
• Ayyar, P. V. Jagadisa (1991). South Indian shrines: illustrated. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-0151-2. 
• B.S., Chandrababu; S., Ganeshram; C., Bhavani (2011). History of People and Their Environs. Bharathi Puthakalayam. ISBN 978-93-80325-91-0. 
• Bandopadhyay, Manohar (2010). Tourist destinations in India. Delhi: Oriental Books. ISBN 978-93-80944-00-5. 
• Bansal, Sunita Pant (2005). Encyclopaedia of India. Delhi: Smriti Books. ISBN 978-81-87967-71-2. 
• Brockman, Norbert C. (2011). Encyclopedia of Sacred Places. California: ABC-CLIO, LLC. ISBN 978-1-59884-655-3. 
• Campantar Tirumurai 1 (2004). Moondram Thirumurai (PDF). Online: Project Madurai. 
• Campantar Tirumurai 3 (2004). Muthal Thirumurai (PDF). Online: Project Madurai. 
• City Development Plan of Madurai (2004). City Development Plan of Madurai (PDF). Madurai: Madurai Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2015. 
• Civic affairs (1970). Civic affairs. 18. Citizen Press. p. 54. 
• Dalal, Roshen (1997). The Puffin History of India for Children, 3000 BCE – CE 1947. Puffin Books. pp. 128–129. ISBN 978-0-14-333544-3. 
• David Arnold (1977). The Congress in Tamilnad: nationalist politics in South India, 1919–1937. Manohar. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-88386-958-1. 
• Economic and political weekly, Volume 30 (1995). Economic and political weekly, Volume 30. Sameeksha Trust. p. 2396. 
• Ganapathy, Subramaniyan (1987). Cotton in Madurai District: An Econometric Analysis. Norther Book Centre. ISBN 978-81-85119-31-1. 
• Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. 
• Harman, William. P (1992). The sacred marriage of a Hindu goddess. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 30–36. ISBN 978-81-208-0810-2. 
• Highways Department, Government of Tamilnadu. "Highways Circle of Highways Department, Tamilnadu". Archived from the original on 24 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2002. Retrieved 15 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2010. 
• Imperial gazetteer of India: Provincial series, Volume 18 (1908). Imperial gazetteer of India: Provincial series, Volume 18. Clarendon Press. 
• Imperial Gazetter of India, Volume 16 (1908). Imperial Gazetter of India, Volume 16. Clarendon Press. 
• J., Arockiaraj (11 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012). "Eco park to be added incentive for tourists". The Times of India. Madurai. Retrieved 29 ᱡᱩᱱ 2012. 
• Kersenboom Story, Saskia C. (1987). Nityasumaṅgalī: Devadasi Tradition in South India. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited. p. 16. ISBN 978-81-208-1527-8. 
• King, Anthony D. (2005). Buildings and Society: Essays on the Social Development of the Built Environment. Taylor & Francis e-library. ISBN 978-0-203-48075-5. 
• Lal, Shiv (1972). Indian elections since independence. 1. Election Archives. p. 151. 
• Mangudi Marudanar (2004). Mathuraikanchi (PDF). Online: Project Madurai. 
• Markovits, Claude (2004). A History of Modern India, 1480–1950. London: Wimbledon Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-84331-152-2. 
• More J. B. P (1977). Political Evolution of Muslims in Tamilnadu and Madras 1930–1947. Orient Blackswan. p. 106. ISBN 978-81-250-1192-7. 
• Narasaiah (2009). Aalavai – Madurai Managarathin Kadhai. Palaniyappa Brothers. p. 85. ISBN 978-81-8379-517-3. 
• National Geographic (2008). Sacred Places of a Lifetime: 500 of the World's Most Peaceful and Powerful Destinations. United States: National Geographic Society. ISBN 978-1-4262-0336-7. 
• Palanithurai, Ganapathy (2007). A handbook for panchayati raj administration (Tamil Nadu). Concept Publishing Company. p. 80. ISBN 978-81-8069-340-3. 
• Parthasarathi, Prasannan (2007). The Transition to a Colonial Economy: Weavers, Merchants and Kings in South India, 1720–1800. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-57042-8. 
• Pletcher, Kenneth (2011). The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places. New York: Britannica Educational Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61530-202-4. 
• Prentiss, Karen Pechilis (1999). The embodiment of bhakti. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512813-0. 
• Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007). History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura, Ca. 150 BCE-100 CE. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-90-04-15537-4. 
• Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical dictionary of the Tamils. United States: Scarecrow Press, INC. ISBN 978-0-470-82958-5. 
• Reddy, G.Venkatramana (2013). Alayam - The Hindu temple - An epitome of Hindu Culture. Mylapore, Chennai: Sri Ramakrishna Math. p. 31. ISBN 978-81-7823-542-4. 
• Reynolds, Holly Baker; Bardwell, Smith (1987). The city as a sacred center: essays on six Asian contexts: Annual meetings. BRILL. p. 18. ISBN 978-90-04-08471-1. 
• Salma Ahmed, Farooqui (2011). A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid Eighteenth century. New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. p. 26. ISBN 978-81-317-3202-1. 
• Selby, Martha Ann; Peterson, Indira Viswanathan (2008). Tamil geographies: cultural constructions of space and place in South India. New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7245-3. 
• Shokoohy, Mehrdad (2003). Muslim Architecture of South India: The Sultanate of Ma'bar and the traditions of maritime settlers on the Malabar and Coramandel Coasts (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Goa). Inter-India Publications. ISBN 978-0-415-30207-4. 
• Singh, Ujagir; Dube, Kamala Kant; Singh, Alok Kumar (1988). Urban environment in India: problems and prospects. Inter-India Publications. ISBN 978-81-210-0205-9. 
• Sivarajah, Padmini (28 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012). "Tight vigil during Thiruparankundram deepam". The Times of India. Madurai. Retrieved 26 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012. 
• Soundara Rajan, Kodayanallur Vanamamalai (2001). Concise classified dictionary of Hinduism By Kodayanallur Vanamamalai Soundara Rajan. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-7022-857-8. 
• Soundarapandian, Mookkiah (2009). Economic Reforms and Small Scale Industries. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-449-3. 
• Stanley, Selwyn (2004). Social Problems: Perspectives for Intervention. Allied Publishers Private Limited. p. 321. ISBN 978-81-7764-708-2. 
• Students' Britannica India. Students' Britannica India. 1–5. p. 319. 
• Thirunavukkarasar (2004). Aaram Thirumurai (PDF). Online: Project Madurai. 
• Thurston, Edgar (1913). Provincial Geographies of India Vol 4: The Madras Presidency with Mysore, Coorg and Associated States. Cambridge University. p. 123. 
• V., Vriddhagirisan (1995) [1942]. Nayaks of Tanjore. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-0996-9. 
• Zvelebil, Kamil (1992). Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-09365-2. 

• "Tamil Nadu Polytechnic College". Tamil Nadu Polytechnic College. Retrieved 24 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2018. 

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

• Recent Madurai News by Press108
• Official government website of Madurai District
• Official website of Madurai Corporation

Lat. and Long.9°55′9″N 78°7′10″E ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ