ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ, ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ	ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ	᱗.᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ	ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱼᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮᱸ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱨᱣᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
Dialects	ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱞᱤ
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ	ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ
ISO 639-2	sat
ISO 639-3	Either: sat – Santali mjx – Mahali
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ	sant1410  ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞᱤ maha1291  ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱞᱤ

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱟᱲᱟᱝ- ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ

ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Santali language) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱼᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ (Austro-Asiatic) ᱜᱩᱥᱴᱤ, ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ "ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱚᱞ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱤᱛᱨᱚ" ᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ "Santhali: The base of world Languages" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱫᱷᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱘ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱾

ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ (᱑,᱐᱐,᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱫᱮᱥ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ, ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (script) ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ, ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ... ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ "ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱮᱛ ᱨᱚᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ" ‘ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ' ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ" ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ (Unicode) ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱫᱚ 639-2,ISO 639-3 (Language code iso 639-2, ISO 639-3) ᱾

ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱵᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ (West Bengal Public Service Commission) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ UPSC ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, +3,PG ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱣᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ

ᱮᱞ	ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ
᱑	ᱢᱤᱫ
᱒	ᱵᱟᱨ
᱓	ᱯᱮ
᱔	ᱯᱩᱱ
᱕	ᱢᱚᱬᱮ
᱖	ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ
᱗	ᱮᱭᱟᱭ
᱘	ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ
᱙	ᱟᱨᱮ
᱑᱐	ᱜᱮᱞ
᱑᱑	ᱜᱮᱞ ᱢᱤᱫ
᱑᱒	ᱜᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨ
᱑᱓	ᱜᱮᱞ ᱯᱮ
᱑᱔	ᱜᱮᱞ ᱯᱩᱱ
᱑᱕	ᱜᱮᱞ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ
᱑᱖	ᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ
᱑᱗	ᱜᱮᱞ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ
᱑᱘	ᱜᱮᱞ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ
᱑᱙	ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱮ
᱒᱐	ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞ
᱕᱐	ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ
᱑᱐᱐	ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ
᱑᱐᱐᱐	ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ
᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐	ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱭ

ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ (Person)

ᱧᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱧᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ Person ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱨᱮᱤ ᱾

• ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ First Person- ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱫᱼᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱠ ᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱳ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱾

ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟᱺ -

1. ᱤᱧ ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤᱧ ᱚᱞ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
2. ᱟᱞᱮᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ First Person ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

• ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ Second Person- ᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱨᱚᱲᱤᱡ ᱥᱮ Speaker ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱧᱡᱚᱢᱮᱫᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ Speaker ᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱧᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱱᱠᱚ ᱥᱮ Hearer ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ Second Person ᱵᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟᱺ -

1. ᱟᱢ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
2. ᱟᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱯᱮ ᱾

ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ Second Person ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

• ᱥᱟᱹᱝᱜᱤᱧ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ Third Person - ᱛᱷᱩᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱨᱚᱲᱤᱡ ᱥᱮ Speaker ᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱸᱜ-ᱡᱚᱢᱤᱡ ᱥᱮ Hearer ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱝᱜᱤᱧ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ Third Person ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟᱺ -

• ᱩᱱᱤᱭ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱾
• ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱤᱧ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (Number)

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ, ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱮ Definition ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱧᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱧᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱲᱟᱤ ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (Singular Number), ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (Dual Number) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (Plural Number) ᱾

• ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (Singular Number) - ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱧᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱧᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ Singular Number ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟᱺ -

1. ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮᱭᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
2. ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱩᱯᱞᱟᱹᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱨᱟ ᱟᱛᱟᱧ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
3. ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱪᱞᱟᱹᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱩᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
4. ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ?

ᱱᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ Singular Number ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

• ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (Dual Number) - ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ Dual Number ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ, ᱥᱟᱝᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱨᱟᱵᱤᱠ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤ-ᱵᱚᱪᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱴᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

Definition: ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱧᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱧᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ Dual Number ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟᱺ - ᱟᱹᱞᱤᱧ, ᱟᱞᱟᱝ, ᱟᱵᱮᱱ, ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱ, ᱯᱮᱲᱟᱠᱤᱱ, ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ, ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱤᱱ, ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱤᱱ, ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱤᱱ, ᱥᱮᱴᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ Singular Number	ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ Dual Number	ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ Plural Number
ᱟᱢ	ᱟᱹᱵᱤᱱ	ᱟᱯᱮ
ᱤᱧ	ᱟᱹᱞᱤᱧ	ᱟᱞᱮ
ᱩᱱᱤ	ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ	ᱩᱱᱠᱩ
ᱟᱡ	ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱ	ᱟᱠᱚ
ᱥᱤᱢ	ᱥᱤᱢᱠᱤᱱ	ᱥᱤᱢᱠᱚ
ᱥᱮᱛᱟ	ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱠᱤᱱ	ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱠᱚ
ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ	ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢᱠᱤᱱ	ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢᱠᱚ
ᱦᱚᱲ	ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱤᱱ	ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ
ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ	ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵᱠᱤᱱ	ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵᱠᱚ
ᱩᱞ	ᱩᱞᱠᱤᱱ	ᱩᱞᱠᱚ
ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ	ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱤᱱ	ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱚ
ᱯᱩᱥᱤ	ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱤᱱ	ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
ᱪᱮᱬᱮ	ᱪᱮᱬᱮᱠᱤᱱ	ᱪᱮᱬᱮᱠᱚ
ᱯᱚᱛᱟᱢ	ᱯᱚᱛᱟᱢᱠᱤᱱ	ᱯᱚᱛᱟᱢᱠᱚ
ᱵᱟᱱᱟ	ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ	ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱠᱚ
ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ	ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ	ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱠᱚ
ᱠᱩᱞ	ᱠᱩᱞᱠᱤᱱ	ᱠᱩᱞᱠᱚ
ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ	ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵᱠᱤᱱ	ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵᱠᱚ
ᱡᱮᱹᱞ	ᱡᱮᱹᱞᱠᱤᱱ	ᱡᱮᱹᱞᱠᱚ
ᱰᱮᱜᱽᱨᱟ	ᱰᱮᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱤᱱ	ᱰᱮᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ
ᱠᱟᱴᱠᱚᱢ	ᱠᱟᱴᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱤᱱ	ᱠᱟᱴᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ
ᱵᱤᱧ	ᱵᱤᱧ ᱠᱤᱱ	ᱵᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

• "We Santhals" web types language keyboard download
• National Translation Mission's (NTM) Santali Pages
• OLAC resources in and about the Santali language
• OLAC resources in and about the Mahali language
• http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
• http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-A6AF-2@view Santali language in RWAAI Digital Archive

ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱟᱛ

• ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱥᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ
• National Translation Mission's (NTM) Santali Pages
• OLAC resources in and about the Santali language
• OLAC resources in and about the Mahali language
• RWAAI Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage
• Santali language in RWAAI Digital Archive