ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ᱾ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾[᱒][᱓][᱔] ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ; ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱤᱱ-ᱟᱫᱟᱞᱚᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱱᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱟ᱾[᱓] ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱰᱩᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱘ ᱞᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱚᱱ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ[᱒᱔]
| ᱮᱞ. | ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱠᱚ) | ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ᱑. | ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱠᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱩᱧᱡᱤᱰᱷᱤᱯ | ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ | ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ |
| ᱒. | ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱰ | ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ | |
| ᱓. | ᱫᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱵᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱣ | ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ, ᱠᱳᱝᱠᱳᱱᱤ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ[᱔᱖] | |
| ᱔. | ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ | ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ[᱑᱗] | ᱩᱨᱫᱩ, ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ[᱔᱗] |
| ᱕. | ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱭᱟᱫᱤᱯ | ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ,[᱔᱘] | ᱫᱤᱦᱮᱵᱤ (ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ), ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ |
| ᱖. | ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ | ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ, ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ, ᱩᱨᱫᱩ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ[᱔᱙] | |
| ᱗. | ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ | ᱩᱨᱫᱩ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ | |
| ᱘. | ᱯᱩᱰᱩᱪᱮᱨᱤ | ᱛᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞ, ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ | ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ [lower-alpha ᱓][᱕᱐][᱕᱑] |
ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- Department of Official Language (DOL) – Official webpage explains the chronological events related to Official Languages Act and amendments
- Central Institute of Indian Languages – A comprehensive central government site that offers complete info on Indian Languages
- Reconciling Linguistic Diversity: The History and the Future of Language Policy in India by Jason Baldridge
- Multi-lingualism and language policy in India
- Words and phrases in more than 30 Indian languages
- Ethnologue – Ethnologue report on the languages of India
- TDIL-MCIT,GoI – Technology Development for Indian Languages, Government of India
- India at a Glance – The Official Portal of the Indian Government
- The force of words - A TIME magazine article about India's language controversy Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱐᱙-᱒᱑ at the Wayback Machine.
- Marathi Language Informative Web Portal
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ↑ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
- ↑ PTI (25 January 2010). "Hindi, not a national language: Court". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ ᱓.᱐ ᱓.᱑ "Constitutional Provisions: Official Language Related Part-17 of The Constitution Of India". Department of Official Language, Government of India. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- ↑ "THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE UNION | Department of Official Language | Ministry of Home Affairs | GoI". rajbhasha.nic.in. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
- ↑ "Statement 1 – Abstract of Speakers' Strength of Languages and Mother Tongues – 2011" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2018.
- ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2014-01-06. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ ᱗.᱐ ᱗.᱑ ᱗.᱒ ᱗.᱓ ᱗.᱔ "Multi-lingual Bengal". The Telegraph. 11 December 2012.
- ↑ ᱘.᱐ ᱘.᱑ ᱘.᱒ ᱘.᱓ ᱘.᱔ Roy, Anirban (28 February 2018). "Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to list of official languages in". India Today.
- ↑ "The Origins of the Konkani Language". www.kamat.com. 15 August 1997 – 15 January 2016.
- ↑ "Indian Languages: Konkani Language". iloveindia.com.
- ↑ "झारखंड : रघुवर कैबिनेट से मगही, भोजपुरी, मैथिली व अंगिका को द्वितीय भाषा का दर्जा".
- ↑ "Oriya gets its due in neighbouring state- Orissa- IBNLive". Ibnlive.in.com. 4 September 2011. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
- ↑ Naresh Chandra Pattanayak (1 September 2011). "Oriya second language in Jharkhand". Times Of India. Archived from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
- ↑ "Bengali, Oriya among 12 dialects as 2nd language in Jharkhand". daily.bhaskar.com. 31 August 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
- ↑ "Santhali". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ↑ "Languages". APOnline. 2002. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ ᱑᱗.᱐ ᱑᱗.᱑ ᱑᱗.᱒ "52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
- ↑ "The Assam Official Language Act, 1960". Northeast Portal. 19 December 1960. Archived from the original on 26 February 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ ANI (10 September 2014). "Assam government withdraws Assamese as official language in Barak Valley, restores Bengali". DNA India. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ ᱒᱐.᱐ ᱒᱐.᱑ "The Bihar Official Language Act, 1950" (PDF). National Commission for Linguistic Minorities. 29 November 1950. p. 31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
- ↑ The National Commission for Linguistic Minorities, 1950 (ibid) makes no mention of Chhattisgarhi as an additional state language, despite the 2007 notification of the State Govt, presumably because Chhattisgarhi is considered as a dialect of Hindi.
- ↑ "Chhattisgarh Official Language Day today, CM Bhupesh Baghel wished people of the state". News Track (in English). 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ "The Goa, Daman and Diu Official Language Act, 1987" (PDF). U.T. Administration of Daman & Diu. 19 December 1987. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
- ↑ ᱒᱔.᱐ ᱒᱔.᱑ ᱒᱔.᱒ ᱒᱔.᱓ ᱒᱔.᱔ ᱒᱔.᱕ ᱒᱔.᱖ ᱒᱔.᱗ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
- ↑ Kurzon, Dennis (2004). "3. The Konkani-Marathi Controversy : 2000-01 version". Where East Looks West: Success in English in Goa and on the Konkan Coast. Multilingual Matters. pp. 42–58. ISBN 978-1-85359-673-5. Retrieved 26 December 2014. Dated, but gives a good overview of the controversy to give Marathi full "official status".
- ↑ ᱒᱖.᱐ ᱒᱖.᱑ Benedikter, Thomas (2009). Language Policy and Linguistic Minorities in India: An Appraisal of the Linguistic Rights of Minorities in India. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 89. ISBN 978-3-643-10231-7.
- ↑ "The Haryana Official Language Act, 1969" (PDF). acts.gov.in (server). 15 March 1969. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
- ↑ "Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi". Hindustan Times. 28 January 2010. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
- ↑ "The Himachal Pradesh Official Language Act, 1975" (PDF). 21 February 1975. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
- ↑ Pratibha Chauhan (17 February 2019). "Bill to make Sanskrit second official language of HP passed". The Tribune. Shimla. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- ↑ "Jharkhand gives second language status to Magahi, Angika, Bhojpuri and Maithili". The Avenue Mail. 21 March 2018. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
- ↑ "Language and Literature", Official website of Government of Madhya Pradesh, Government of Madhya Pradesh, archived from the original on 29 September 2007, retrieved 16 July 2007
- ↑ "Language". Official website of Directorate of languages, Government of Maharashtra. Government of Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- ↑ Section 2(f) of the Manipur Official Language Act, 1979 states that the official language of Manipur is the Manipuri language (an older English name for the Meitei language) written in the Bengali script. The Sangai Express, Mayek body threatens to stall proceeding, retrieved 16 July 2007
- ↑ Commissioner Linguistic Minorities, 42nd report: July 2003 – June 2004, p. para 25.5, archived from the original on 8 October 2007, retrieved 16 July 2007
- ↑ Commissioner Linguistic Minorities, 43rd report: July 2004 – June 2005, p. para 25.1, archived from the original on 10 April 2009, retrieved 16 July 2007 On 21 March 2006, the Chief Minister of Meghalaya stated in the State Assembly that a notification to this effect had been issued. Meghalaya Legislative Assembly, Budget session: Starred Questions and Answers – Tuesday, the 21st March 2006., retrieved 16 July 2007.
- ↑ "Oriya to be official language in Orissa – Indian Express". archive.indianexpress.com. 2 January 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
- ↑ "1977 Sikkim government gazette" (PDF). sikkim.gov.in. Governor of Sikkim. p. 188. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
- ↑ "Urdu is Telangana's second official language". The Indian Express (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 16 November 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
- ↑ "Urdu is second official language in Telangana as state passes Bill". The News Minute. 17 November 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
- ↑ "Bengali and Kokborok are the state/official language, English, Hindi, Manipuri and Chakma are other languages". Tripura Official government website. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ↑ Tripura Official Language Act, 1964
- ↑ Commissioner Linguistic Minorities, 43rd report: July 2004 – June 2005, pp. paras 6.1–6.2, archived from the original on 10 April 2009, retrieved 16 July 2007
- ↑ "Fact and Figures". www.wb.gov.in. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ↑ Shiv Sahay Singh (2 March 2017). "Revitalising a language". The Hindu. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ Urdu and Punjabi are the two secondary official languages of Delhi under the Delhi Official Language Bill, 2000 Punjabi, Urdu made official languages in Delhi, The Times of India, 25 June 2003, archived from the original on 11 August 2011, retrieved 17 July 2007
- ↑ Thomas Benedikter (2009). Language Policy and Linguistic Minorities in India: An Appraisal of the Linguistic Rights of Minorities in India. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 134. ISBN 978-3-643-10231-7.
- ↑ "The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020" (PDF). The Gazette of India. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ↑ There are three primary languages used for official purposes – Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam. Only, English is recognized for official uses as per the official language policy. The official language policy of the union territory states that the Tamil language should be the primary language used for all or any of the official purposes of the union territory. In case of Mahe and Yanam, Malayalam and Telugu, respectively, may be used instead of or in conjunction with Tamil. The English language may also be used for official purposes. (ACT 28, Gazetteer, Pondicherry Vol. 1, P. II)Multilingualism and second language acquisition and learning in Pondicherry
- ↑ Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Puducherry, General Information on Pondicherry, archived from the original on 28 September 2007, retrieved 6 June 2007
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